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On
a June day in 2022,
gunmen shot Virgilio
Trujillo Arana in the
head three times in
the capital city of
Venezuela’s Amazonas
state.
An Indigenous Uwottüja
leader, Trujillo Arana
had spent years
defending the Amazon
rainforest from
destructive illegal
mining. That work grew
increasingly dangerous
as illicit extraction
boomed in Venezuela,
with criminal groups
targeting anyone
perceived as an
obstacle to profit.
His killing was the
32nd documented murder
of an Indigenous or
environmental defender
in Venezuela over an
eight-year period
ending in 2022.
The United States’
Jan. 3 attack on
Caracas has shifted
focus to Venezuela’s
vast oil reserves, and
who will control and
benefit from the
crude. Left out of
these discussions are
the ongoing
environmental and
human rights crises
that have metastasized
under Nicolás
Maduro—and who will
stop them.
Tens of thousands of
oil spills have
contaminated waterways
and drinking water,
degraded ecosystems
and displaced
communities. Human
rights organizations,
United Nations experts
and investigative
journalists,
meanwhile, have
documented horrific
abuses linked to illegal mining, a key source of income for the
Maduro regime
and criminal
organizations,
including the National
Liberation Army (ELN)
from Colombia.
Analysts and
researchers say those
organizations and
government officials
have worked together
to control and profit
from mining
operations, often
through violence,
impunity and
intimidation.
More of our
coverage of the
biggest story on the
planet:
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One Family’s Battle
With Trenton’s
Lead Legacy
BY ANNA MATTSON
A routine medical
checkup for a
Trenton toddler
uncovered
dangerous lead
levels. A mother
struggled to
navigate home
inspections and
health risks—and
then made a hard
choice.
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