WEATHERAmerica Newsletter, Saturday, December 23, 2023

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Larry Cosgrove

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Dec 23, 2023, 5:34:35 PM12/23/23
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TODAY'S FUN LINKS:

Understanding Atmospheric Flash Droughts in the Caribbean

Virginia Tech - 14 December 2023

A new study published in the Journal of Hydrometeorology found that Caribbean Islands are uniquely susceptible to sudden droughts, and the authors advocate for alternative methodologies to more accurately measure dry conditions in the region.

2023 Could Be the Nation's Warmest, Brownest Christmas in 20 Years

Weather Underground - 19 December 2023

Outside the Mountain West and a few parts of the high country of northern New England, snow cover across the Lower 48 states is, frankly, pathetic for this time of year.

How an Overlooked Study over a Century Ago Helped Fuel the Colorado River Crisis

University of Colorado Boulder - 14 December 2023

The story of hydrologist Eugene Clyde La Rue may help to explain the current water crisis facing many states in the American West.

Fresh Water from Thin Air

Nature - 14 December 2023

Strategies for collecting water from the atmosphere using minimal energy could fill a crucial gap in sustaining communities that have limited access to water.

How Mountains Affect El Niño-Induced Winter Precipitation

The Ohio State University - 4 December 2023

With 150 years of data, a new study brings a degree of precision to efforts to make more accurate winter precipitation predictions in the Intermountain West.

New High-Resolution System Allows for Advanced Monitoring of Surface Solar Radiation

CityLife - 8 December 2023

As discussed in a recent BAMS article, the new cutting-edge remote sensing monitoring system is designed to provide precise measurements of surface solar radiation in real time.

Pacific Northwest Snowpack Endangered by Increasing Heat Waves

Washington State University - 13 December 2023

New research reveals an alarming, longer-term rising trend of successive heat waves melting snowpack earlier in the year.

Climate Change Turns Up the Heat in Greek Museums

Eos - 15 December 2023

Museums and historic buildings use indoor microclimates to preserve artifacts, but rising temperatures could create a breeding ground for pests, mold, and deterioration.

Earth Had Its Warmest November on Record

NOAA - 14 December 2023

It marked the sixth month in a row of record-warm months for 2023, which is on track to be the warmest year on record.

Climate Played a Crucial Role in Human Migration from Africa

Aarhus University - 6 December 2023

A green corridor through the Sahara emerged precisely during the period when our earliest ancestors migrated from Africa.

Atlantic Ocean near Bermuda Is Warmer and More Acidic than Ever, 40 Years of Observation Show

Frontiers - 7 December 2023

The findings are from a comprehensive sustained ocean time series of observations called the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS), which started in 1988.

A New 66 Million-Year History of Carbon Dioxide Offers Little Comfort for Today

Columbia Climate School - 7 December 2023

The study indicates that the last time atmospheric carbon dioxide consistently reached today’s human-driven levels was 14 million years ago—much longer ago than some existing assessments suggest.

 
WEATHER HAZARDS (During The Next 24 Hours)
 
SEVERE WEATHER OUTLOOK
(potential for tornadoes, damaging winds, and large hail within the next 24 hours)
 
ISOLATED Severe Thunderstorms
(Microbursts, Large Hail, Isolated Tornadoes)
C, E TX....LA....W MS....S AR....SE OK

STRONG WINDS
(Pressure Gradient, Orographically Enhanced)
Coastal BC
 
HEAVY RAINFALL OUTLOOK
(potential for an inch or more total rainfall within the next 24 hours)
 
Scattered Locations In
C, E TX....LA....W MS....AR....C, E OK....C, E KS....W MO....W IA....E NE....E SD....MN....ON Boundary Waters
(QPF 1-4")

Isolated Locations In
Coastal BC
(QPF 1 - 2")

 
WINTER WEATHER POTENTIAL
(potential for Moderate Icing, Snow 2 - 4" or more, and/or temperatures below 10 deg F)
 
Isolated Locations In
N MB
(Intense Cold)

Isolated Locations In
C MB
(Snow; 2 - 6")

Isolated Locations In
Coastal Ranges Of BC
(Snow; 4 - 16" Above 4000 Feet).

GLOBAL WEATHER SUMMARY
(a review of important weather features around the world)
 
IODC
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ECMWF; METEOBLUE; EUMETSAT
 
The cold air stays in Russia.

While strong 500MB shortwaves are moving from eastern Europe through the Levant into Central Asia, the bitter cold remains embedded above the Arctic Jet stream at higher latitudes. None of the numerical models show penetration of the cAk domain below 40 N Latitude. But the impulses are getting stronger, generating heavy rain and thunderstorms on a march from the Mediterranean Sea through Iraq and Iran, then into the Central Asian Republics and Pakistan/India. Snow may fall at higher elevations, but viewed realistically this is more of a spring pattern with risks for severe weather much higher than frozen precipitation during the course of the next ten days.
 
HIMAWARI 8
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Kochi University
 
The Madden-Julian Oscillation seems to be breaking up, perhaps reorganizing in Phase 2. This is important because the current convective clustering near the International Dateline is fading. A Phase 7, 8 position help to energize the 500MB jet streams , with amplification that will produce ridge axes in the +PNA, -AO, and -NAO sectors. But this latest shift will reduce cold air in China, flatten the flow in the second week of January and lead to a January Thaw set-up affecting the lower 48 states and southern Canada with warmer air and better chances for  precipitation.

Note also the lingering frontal structure across New Zealand and Australia, continuing the unusual (for an El Nino episode) increase in precipitation for those areas. It should be noted, however, that a strong warming trend is underway across the Maritime Continent.
 
GOES WEST
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NOAA/NESDIS
 
The two storms in the sequence of four disturbances are moving into Texas/the Great Plains and the Gulf of Alaska. The impulse in the center of the continent will trigger heavy rain and thunderstorms, with potential for heavy snow in the Front Range/High Plains into Monday morning. The larger, colder 500MB closed low will drop southeastward through the Intermountain Region, further enhancing cold advection over the central and eastern half of the U.S. in the 6-10 day period.

Note also the highly unusual Antarctic vortex across the southern Pacific Ocean. It is austral summer, after all.
 
GOES EAST
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NOAA/NESDIS
 
The very clouded picture cross North America is a result of deep moisture advection off of the Gulf of Mexico, which is contributing to the growth of the storm complex coming into the High Plains. The system is still disorganized, but the 500MB core this afternoon appeared to be over West Texas. Cold air pooling is largely limited to the Intermountain Region.

Moisture is slowly increasing across South America. But cold frontal passages are still occurring, with the latest boundary west of Chile. Thunderstorms are widespread over the western two-0thirds of the continent, in mostly a diurnal + orographic pattern.
 
METEOSAT
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ECMWF; METEOBLUE; EUMETSAT
 
There may be changes in about a month or so, but for now, Arctic air is largely limited to the northern third of Europe. The Saharan ridge complex is strong enough to encompass the Mediterranean countries.  The disturbance and frontal structure west of the British Isles is forecast to reform in the central portion of the subcontinent in early week, and may provide important precipitation to the Balkan and Anatolian Peninsulas.

Convection is at a minimum over Africa, confined to areas below the Equator in a diurnal fashion. The Saharan ridge is wide and strong, but the Kalahari subtropical high is more compact covering Zimbabwe and South Africa.

Larry Cosgrove

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Dec 24, 2023, 12:12:06 AM12/24/23
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MEDIUM RANGE OUTLOOK
(Four To Ten Days From Now)
 
Watching The +PNA Ridge And the Subtropical Jet Stream....
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ECMWF (4)
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PivotalWeather.Com (4)

Yes, I know. It is not all that cold, and no Alaskan or Siberian air mass component is noted in the forecast for the last few days of December. But energy in the polar westerlies will meet up with the shortwave-laden southern branch, further inducing cold advection that may reach the Gulf Coast by New Year's Eve. Ridging across the Pacific Northwest and western/northern Canada could set up a drain of air off of the snowpack. Just as a significant snowfall is probable in the Front Range and Missouri Valley in early week, a "white surprise" could pop up in the Corn Belt with little effort in the medium range.

....And An Active Southern Branch Storm Track Interacting With Colder Temperatures
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UQAM Meteocentre (4)
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TrueWx.Com (4)
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College Of DuPage Weather Laboratory (2)

While temperatures about the lower 48 states are somewhat colder overall for this time frame, there is no evidence for any kind of Arctic intrusion. Merely a "bits and pieces' approach to the cold pool across Baffin Island and Hudson Bay being peeled off. This knocks out the broadly warm pattern seen over the past 10 days or so. The larger question emerges: if a storm does arise in the southern branch, could it interact with somewhat below normal temperatures and produce significant frozen precipitation?

The answer is a firm "maybe", if only because some of the storms showing up in the ensemble packages look quite impressive. The risk factor is strongest in the Midwest/Great Lakes into the Northeast around and just after New Year's Day, and in New Mexico/Texas January 3-4. The system coming in such a low latitude in Baja California and mainland Mexico fits the climatological type for a surprise snow and sleet event in Texas/Oklahoma, so I cannot rule it out. There may also be chances for a healthy orographic snow episode across the northern Intermountain Region in the first few days of January.
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