Winter Bear Audio Download UPD
Doreen Collicott
A bear, of course, hibernates in the winter, sleeping for many months peacefully. This represents his wishes for her to rest in peace, but it also subtly hints that he wishes for her to return one day.
The American black bear is one of the largest and heaviest wild mammals in Missouri. It has a long muzzle with a straight facial profile; rounded, erect ears; rather short, stout legs; and a very short tail practically concealed in the long, heavy fur. For black bears in Missouri, the fur is predominantly glossy black; the muzzle is brown, and there is usually a white patch on the chest. The sexes look much alike, though females are usually smaller than males. Black bears are usually silent but can make a variety of sounds. they may grunt, mumble, squeak, roar, huff, bellow, hum, moan, or purr.
Most Missouri bears live south of Interstate 44, but wandering individuals, mostly subadult males, have been seen as far north as the Iowa border. Black bears are the only bear species found in Missouri.
Black bears live in heavily wooded areas. In winter they den in a hollow tree, cave, an excavated hollow in the ground or another shelter. In summer they sleep in trees or on the ground. Black bears used to be abundant in the state but had become rare by 1850 and were nearly eliminated by 1931. Reintroduction efforts in Arkansas have increased their numbers in our state. Because a bear can become a danger when it learns to associate humans with food, it is important to keep them wild.
Black bears eat a variety of foods. Plant matter includes grass, berries and other fruits, various seeds and nuts, the inner bark of trees and roots. Animal food includes ants, bees and their honey, crickets and grasshoppers, fish, frogs, small rodents, fawns, bird eggs, and many kinds of carrion. Acorns are an important food source in the fall as bears prepare for winter.
Grizzly bears sometimes vocalize when agitated or nervous. These sounds of huffing, jaw-popping (heard at :35 and :57 seconds in), and low growls are warnings that you're too close. If you hear them while you're out in the park, back away calmly (never run), leave the immediate area, and give the bear more space. You must stay at least 100 yards/91 meters away from bears (about the length of a football field). And just a reminder, we recommend that everyone hike in groups of three or more, make lots of noise while hiking, and carry bear spray.These sounds were recorded with a cell phone by an experienced Bear Management Technician, Dan Bergum, during recent fieldwork involving capture. The bear was recorded during the few moments that it was contained inside a large, culvert-sized trap. Rest assured, no bears, scientists, or mobile devices were harmed while recording!
During the spring thaw, bison sometimes get stuck and drown in the newly melted-out Blacktail Pond. Late one night in March 2015, a grizzly bear guarded and fed on a bison carcass there. This is a recording of the grizzly eating: snapping bones and all.
Investing in winter transportation operations is essential and beneficial to the public and the economy. It is desirable to use the most recent advances in the application of materials, practices, equipment and other technologies. Such best practices are expected to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of winter operations, to optimize material usage, and to reduce associated annual spending and corrosion and environmental impacts. There are no professional societies or scientific journals or textbooks dedicated solely to sustainable winter road operations and the key information is scattered across a variety of disciplines. As more states are exploring the impacts of roadway deicers, including voluntary and regulatory controls to reduce their impacts, a project is timely to consolidate best practices and recent advances in sustainable winter road operations into a comprehensive book and help reduce the cost and environmental footprint associated with winter road operations. The objective of this project is to develop a book to summarize the recent advances in sustainable winter road operations. The project will engage the subject experts and stakeholders familiar with the multiple aspects and components of winter road operations and to collect much of the information in North America, Europe, and Asia on the state of the practice. This would provide a good foundation for developing the book chapters, each of which will be delivered by the identified subject experts and reviewed by the editors.
Section 1: trapping -- winter\ trapping -- mink\ trapping -- otter\ trapline -- distance\ trapline -- dog team\ dog team -- travel\ travel -- distance\ blackfish -- diet\ blackfish -- dogs\ dogs -- health\ trapline -- location\ Tuluksak\ Petmigtalek\ trapper -- quality\ hunting -- fox\ fox -- mountains\ fox -- price\ fox -- colors\ mink -- price\ school -- quitting\ high school -- White Mountain\ teachers -- salary
Section 4: wife -- first\ wife -- involvement\ involvement -- lack of\ wife -- household\ marriage -- arranged\ wife -- Akiak\ wife -- second\ wife -- Akiachak\ children -- number of\ children -- death\ drowning -- accidental\ accident -- snow machine\ accident -- winter\ son -- death\ son -- children of\ Bethel\ place -- remembering\ wife -- Carrie\ wife -- Elsie
Section 8: reindeer -- human interactions\ reindeer -- herding\ reindeer -- marking\ marking -- in winter\ marking -- months\ herders -- running\ herders -- illness\ cold -- catching\ death -- of friends\ friends -- losing\ herding -- on skis\ reindeer -- wild\ reindeer -- mountains
Section 10: hunting -- bear\ bear -- head\ hunter -- age\ bear -- story\ winter -- wet\ bear -- size\ bear -- shoulder\ shoulder -- blade\ bear -- den\ den -- leaving\ den -- wet\ den -- distance\ foothills\ shooting -- close\ shots -- number
One of basic requirements of successfully implementing a highway winter maintenance strategy is appropriate selection of chloride-based snow and ice control products. The growing concern over negative impacts that chloride-based chemicals pose on motor vehicles, transportation infrastructure and the natural environment triggers a need to adopt sustainability principles to highway winter maintenance. Due to the manufacturing and processing technique of chloride-based snow and ice control products, the entire road-treatment life cycle of chloride-based chemicals contributes to the environmental footprint of winter maintenance operations. The objective of this research project is to develop a systemic life-cycle framework to enable comprehensive assessment of environmental sustainability of winter highway operations (e.g., anti-icing, deicing, and sanding/plowing). The dimensions to consider for environmental assessment will include: energy consumption, impacts on water quality/air quality/vegetation/wildlife/human health, detrimental effects on asphalt and concrete infrastructure (e.g., pavements and bridge decks); corrosive effects on steel bridges and motor vehicles. Our goal is to provide a new way of thinking on evaluating highway winter maintenance strategies through a life-cycle sustainability assessment approach.
For those who've never had the chance to visit Yellowstone National Park, they can now take in the sounds of the park, without ever having to leave their home. MSU and Yellowstone National Park launched a new, online archive today, full of audio recordings captured from inside the park. We spoke to Molly Arrandale, the program manager for acoustic atlas with MSU.
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