Hijra Sex Organ Photos |BEST|
Elenora Haspel
Historically and culturally hijras are based in Hinduism and they perform solely for Hindus. However, hijras are not all Hindu themselves. Many are Muslim and a few are Christian. In fact, some hijras follow the beliefs and practices of both Hinduism and Islam. For example, some hijras center their community around the Hindu goddess Bahuchara Mata while also taking a Muslim name and observing Islamic traditions such as Ramadan. Just as hijra are not limited by binary views of gender, some are not limited by a single religious tradition.
processing.... Drugs & Diseases > Anatomy Male Urinary Organ Anatomy Updated: Jul 07, 2016
- Author: Bradley C Gill, MD, MS; Chief Editor: Thomas R Gest, PhD more...
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- Sections Male Urinary Organ Anatomy Overview Gross Anatomy Penile Vasculature Microscopic Anatomy Pathophysiological Variants Show All Media Gallery References
This section reviews the gross anatomy of the male urinary tract. Starting with the prostate and moving distally through the lower urinary tract, each male-specific organ is discussed. Links to other relevant articles with more in-depth information are provided.
The penis is the external genitourinary organ of the male and is largely comprised of 3 cylindrical bodies, capped distally with the glans penis. One of the cylindrical bodies is the corpus spongiosum, which envelopes the bulbar and penile urethra, becoming symmetric in its covering of the urethra within the penis. The corpus spongiosum then becomes the glans penis distally. Upon erection, the corpus spongiosum engorges to compress the urethral lume and facilitate higher emission velocity, while the glans engorges to facilitate penetrative intercourse and absorb impact during thrusting. The corpus spongiosum protects the urethra and facilitates urethral blood flow. See the image below.
The penis is a highly vascular organ that is also rich with innervation. Most sensation in the penis is conveyed via the paired dorsal nerves, which are coupled with arteries as neurovascular bundles traveling bilateral to the dorsal most aspect of the penis. The nerves responsible for erection are terminal branches within the penis and are located throughout the stroma inside the corpora cavernosa where they stimulate erection through a complex molecular cascade.
Many variants of the male urinary organs are diagnosed and treated in childhood, likely due to the external nature of the penis and routine pre-natal screening in developed countries. Such congenital anomalies can occur anywhere throughout the urinary tract. This section covers male-specific pathophysiologic variants of the lower urinary tract.
Emasculation is the removal of both the penis and the scrotum (including the testicles), the external male sex organs. It differs from castration, which is the removal of the testicles only, although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably.[1] The potential medical consequences of emasculation are more extensive than those associated with castration, as the removal of the penis gives rise to a unique series of complications. There are a range of religious, cultural, punitive, and personal reasons why someone may choose to emasculate themselves or another person. Consensual emasculation may be seen as a form of body modification that enhances a recipient's identification with their community or sense of self. By comparison, non-consensual emasculations, such as those performed punitively or accidentally, may constitute genital mutilation. The medical treatment for an emasculated person differs depending on whether the procedure was consensual.
In the past, the emasculation procedure was performed by barbers or by the individual themselves (i.e. self-emasculation).[53] Nowadays, the operation is performed by a Hijra elder, also called a dai ma (midwife).[54] They have no medical training, but believe they operate with the power of the patron goddess, Bahuchara Mata.[55] The operation takes place early in the morning, around 3 a.m. or 4 a.m.[55] Anesthesia is not administered. [56] The penis and testes are tied together with a string, and the elder then makes two diagonal cuts with a sharp surgical knife to completely excise the organs.[57] The elder allows the blood to gush from the wound, which is considered necessary to completely cleanse the recipient of their male parts. This is one reason why the procedure is performed by an elder rather than a medical professional, who might try to stop the haemorrhage, thus interfering with the ritual's cleansing effect.[58] Afterwards, no stitches are taken and the wound is left exposed, although a small stick is inserted into the urethra to prevent urethral stricture.[59]
The Hijras of India are another example of a culturally accepted (or at least tolerated) male transvestite status. These are men who dress as women but apparently are not often homosexual. Many Hijras even have their genital organs surgically removed to symbolize their transition to "womanhood." They are devotees of the Hindu mother goddess Bahuchara Mata. Through emasculation, they express their faith in her and become conduits for her power. The Hijras are difficult to label as to gender. They identify themselves as "incomplete men", "incomplete women", or "inbetweens", but the Indian national census counts them as women. There are about 50,000 true Hijras today living mostly in North Indian urban centers. They work at many different kinds of jobs including construction. However, the largest percentage of them make their living by blessing babies and entertaining at parties. Some of the better Hijra musicians, dancers, and singers perform regularly in Indian films. Recently, a few of the Hijras have successfully run for public office, especially in Utar Pradesh State. In 2003, however, a court in Madhya Pradesh State ruled that a Hijra must give up his office as mayor of Katni because he is a male and this political office was reserved for women. There are 10's of thousands of other eunuchs and homosexuals in India who dress as women and falsely claim to be Hijras. Many of them make their living on the edges of society by prostitution or by extorting money for blessing children. Few people refuse to give them money for fear of being cursed.
There is a common belief in Pakistan that hijras are born hermaphrodites or have undergone an emasculation procedure. There are many studies about socio-sexual behaviour of hijras, but one rarely finds any study regarding genital examination of hijras. Four hundred hijras from Karachi and Lahore were examined as part of National Study of Reproductive Tract Infection conducted in 2004. A random sample of the Gurus of Hijras in each city was taken and all hijras under selected Gurus were included in the study. The purpose of study was explained to each Guru/participant and only those, who consented, were included. Out of 400 hijras, penis and testes were absent in only three hijras (0.8%). Among the remaining 397 hijras, 98.3% were circumcised and 1.7% were non-circumcised. Inguinal Lymphadenopathy was the most common finding. The study dispels the myth that Hijras in Pakistan have ambiguous genitalia, are hermaphrodites or have undergone removal of male sexual organs.
In South Asia, many hijras live in well-defined and organised all-hijra communities, led by a guru.[8][9] These communities have sustained themselves over generations by "adopting" boys who are in abject poverty, rejected by, or flee, their family of origin.[10] Many work as sex workers for survival.[11]
The word "hijra" is an Urdu word derived from the Semitic Arabic root hjr in its sense of "leaving one's tribe,"[12] and has been borrowed into Hindi. The Indian usage has traditionally been translated into English as "eunuch" or "hermaphrodite," where "the irregularity of the male genitalia is central to the definition."[13] However, in general hijras are born with typically male physiology, only a few having been born with intersex variations.[14] Some Hijras undergo an initiation rite into the hijra community called nirwaan, which refers to the removal of the penis, scrotum and testicles.[11]
Since the late 20th century, some hijra activists and Western non-government organizations (NGOs) have lobbied for official recognition of the hijra as a kind of "third sex" or "third gender," as neither man nor woman.[15] Hijras have successfully gained this recognition in Bangladesh and are eligible for priority in education.[16] In India, the Supreme Court in April 2014 recognised hijra and transgender people as a 'third gender' in law.[17][18][19]
In North India, the goddess Bahuchara Mata is worshipped by Pavaiyaa (પવૈય). In South India, the goddess Renuka is believed to have the power to change one's sex. Male devotees in female clothing are known as Jogappa. They perform similar roles to hijra, such as dancing and singing at birth ceremonies and weddings.[21]
The word kothi (or koti) is common across India, similar to the Kathoey of Thailand, although kothis are often distinguished from hijras. Kothis are regarded as feminine men or boys who take a feminine role in sex with men, but do not live in the kind of intentional communities that hijras usually live in. Additionally, not all kothis have undergone initiation rites or the body modification steps to become a hijra.[22] Local equivalents include durani (Kolkata), menaka (Cochin),[23] meti (Nepal), and zenana (Pakistan).
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