what I knw is that :
Arbiter is generally used to select the order of access among various requests.It prevents two functions from occuring at the same time.
and
SerDes is basically Serializer/Deserializer (use as an interface) : is a pair of functional blocks (parallel in serial out for converting parallel input to serial & serial in parallel out for giving parallel output) commonly used in high speed communications to compensate for limited input/output.
SerDes enable the movement of a large amount of data while reducing the complexity, cost, power, and board space usage associated with wide parallel data buses as the frequency rate of parallel data buses moves beyond 500 MHz (1000 Mbps).
At these higher-frequency rates, the problems associated with wide parallel buses are furtherincreased. A faster-switching parallel bus consumes more power and is much more difficult to route, given that timing tolerances are reduced.
So it converts parallel data into serial first for fast transmission and then give the same parallel data at outside as that of input
Constraints are conditions (or set of rules) that we need to happen or would like to happen with a design.