You can add Vitess's rowcache, connection pooling, and query deduping to a single MySQL instance in one of two ways:
1) Use a full Vitess cluster, backed by ZooKeeper or etcd, and just put one vttablet in it.
2) Use vtocc instead of vttablet. It's a stripped-down form of vttablet that doesn't require ZK/etcd or any other Vitess components. It's meant as a standalone proxy in front of a single mysqld.
The catch for both of these is that the app needs to talk to vtocc or vttablet with the Vitess client API, which is different from the usual MySQL client API. Currently, our best-supported client/app language is Python, with Go being the second. The clients themselves are pretty simple, since they just need to make RPCs.
I started a PHP client, but got stalled due to a BSON encoding extension we use that isn't supported by the BSON codecs available for PHP. We're working on migrating from BSON RPC to gRPC (
http://grpc.io), after which it'll be easy to make Vitess clients for any of the 10 languages that gRPC supports.