Sudden Strike 4 - The Pacific War Download For Mac
Vida Hubbert
The two Pfankuch claims read: "7. Safety apparatus for preventing a seat occupant of a vehicle from being thrown off his seat, comprising an inertia lock device adapted to be mounted on the back of the seat, said device having a rotatably mounted reel therewithin, a flexible connector wound on said reel and extending outwardly of said device for passing over the body of the seat occupant, a yieldable resilient member coupled to said reel and tensioned so as to urge rotation of said reel in the direction to wind up the connector thereon to thereby normally maintain a light tension on said flexible connector while allowing the same to yield, whereby the seat occupant is permitted freedom of motion, an inertia member turnably movable with respect to said reel, means for connecting said inertia member with said reel, locking means within said device for locking said inertia member and reel against turning movement, movement of said flexible connector outwardly of said device at a rate exceeding a predetermined acceleration, due to a sudden force tending to dislodge the seat occupant, causing said inertia member to resist the turning of said reel and effect the locking of the reel and inertia member by said locking means, thus positively preventing further outward movement of the flexible connector to retain the seat occupant in his seat. * * *
Common geological, geochemical, and geophysical characteristics of continental fragments of East Gondwana and adjacent oceanic lithosphere define a long-lived, low-volume, diffuse alkaline magmatic province (DAMP) encompassing the easternmost part of the Indo-Australian Plate, West Antarctica, and the southwest portion of the Pacific Plate. A key to generating the Cenozoic magmatism is the combination of metasomatized lithosphere underlain by mantle at only slightly elevated temperatures, in contrast to large igneous provinces where mantle temperatures are presumed to be high. The SW Pacific DAMP magmatism has been conjecturally linked to rifting, strike-slip faulting, mantle plumes, or hundreds of hot spots, but all of these associations have flaws. We suggest instead that sudden detachment and sinking of subducted slabs in the late Cretaceous induced Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities along the former Gondwana margin that in turn triggered lateral and vertical flow of warm Pacific mantle. The interaction of the warm mantle with metasomatized subcontinental lithosphere that characterizes much of the SW Pacific DAMP concentrates magmatism along zones of weakness. The model may also provide a mechanism for warming south Pacific mantle and resulting Cenozoic alkaline magmatism, where the oceanic areas are characterized primarily, but not exclusively, by short-lived hot spot tracks not readily explained by conventional mantle plume theory. This proposed south Pacific DAMP is much larger and longer-lived than previously considered.
Large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region can produce sudden and tremendous loss of life and property, threatening the regions social and economic fabric. Although quakes cannot be prevented, the damage they do can be greatly reduced through prudent planning and preparedness. Much preparation has already been done, but because a large quake is likely and could happen at any moment, further preparations should not be delayed.
WG02s reassessment of earthquake probabilities in the Bay region reaffirms that the earthquake hazard is both high and widely spread. This reassessment will help business, government, and the public make informed choices as they continue their earthquake preparations. Using the new knowledge on the level of earthquake hazard and the degree of exposure and vulnerability in different parts of the Bay region, USGS and other scientists are working with decisionmakers to help plan and prioritize mitigation efforts and strategies. The ongoing work of USGS and other scientists in evaluating earthquake probabilities for the San Francisco Bay region is part of the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Programs efforts to safeguard lives and property from the future quakes that are certain to strike in northern California and elsewhere in the United States.
Then we tipped over at an unearthly angle and I thought: this is terrible, I can never stand it. Then suddenly the bottom dropped away from me and I was hanging in the safety belt with the plane's nose pointed down in a ninety degree dive. In a dreadful, horrifying few seconds, in which I was conscious of the altimeter needle rushing round anti-clockwise, black puffs of smoke and a plane plunging down in flames on an airfield beneath us, and a square patch of earth slightly rocking, but rushing towards us at a devastating speed, we hurtled down from 12,000 to 2,000 feet, pulling out with a sickening rush of blood to my head that made me want to vomit violently.
Formosa was not an easy place to hit, with a high spine of mountains running down the east coast and most of the airfields on the flat country the other side of that range. Fighter sweeps were to be sent in first to stir up any Jap planes that might disturb our later strikes by dive and torpedo-bombers.
After their drubbing the Japs showed little enthusiasm to continue the tournament into a second day. The skies were relatively clear and bombers were able to continue without interruption their wrecking of ground installations. The following day was the most exciting experienced aboard the carriers. It was decided to launch a further strike against Formosa, staying in those waters an extra day.
The Jap air force, which had been inactive during the first days of the Philippines invasion, suddenly sprang into action. Our carrier task forces were attacked by at least a couple of hundred Jap planes. There was a brisk shooting match for a few hours, with our guns joining in as the Japs' persistent attacks broke through our fighter screens. One managed to score a direct hit on the light cruiser "Princeton." Our guns later sank her after nearly all the personnel had been taken aboard other ships. That hit on the "Princeton" cost the Japs 150 planes, downed by our fighters and gun crews.
One plane dived into the water while taking off and the rear-gunner was drowned. Others got away safely, 33 planes being launched in 14 minutes. Other carriers likewise launched planes and we continued full speed ahead, the long lines of planes like wild geese in flight, strung out and heading dead south. There was no circling to make formation; it would only have wasted precious gasoline. At 12.30, about the time we reckoned the first strike was over the target, the second strike was launched. Then came news that Halsey, having seen a good start made in the attack against the Jap force at North Luzon, had ordered a battleship squadron detached from our main force in the north to speed southwards and try to block San Bernardino Strait in case the Japs should try to return the way they had come.
That first strike did its job nobly. The Japs fled at top speed towards San Bernardino Straits. Only three out of a dozen of our bombers returned. Several landed on the water and the pilots were picked up. Others landed on the decks of the baby carriers they had protected.
The Jap force was forced to flee, but a major part of it still had sufficient speed to make San Bernardino Straits 75 minutes before our battleship force arrived. The latter had to be content with picking off cripples in the early morning, getting at least one heavy cruiser and two more smaller ships. Our searchers, however, were able to follow oil slicks through the straits and picked up a force of three battleships, two cruisers and six destroyers between Mindoro and Luzon. Some of the latter were straggling behind, and strikes from the "Hancock" sank one battleship or heavy cruiser with two torpedo hits, a seaplane tender which blew up and sank immediately after a direct hit from a 1,000-pound and a 5,000-pound bomb. There were also two torpedo hits on a Fuso class battleship, and one 500-pound hit and four near misses on a light cruiser. Another battleship, or heavy cruiser, belched black smoke, and settled at the bow after receiving two torpedo hits.
The sudden storm of March 16, 1984 offered up asurprise for Seattle area forecasters. This cyclone was expected to makelandfall near Astoria, a path that significantly reduced the possibilitythat Western Washington would receive damaing winds. Instead, the low tooka sudden turn to the north, and raced into Vancouver Island while huggingthe Washington coast. As the storm surged northward, a brief period of 30to 45 mph gusts--in some places 46 to 60 mph--surged across the coast andinterior of the Evergreen State. As the wind roared, trees fell and powerwas interrupted in many areas.
Save for the readings at Arcata, there's a remarkable uniformity amongwind speeds between the stations, a rare event, for usually coastal stationssuch as North Bend and Astoria show wind speeds 10-20 mph faster than interiorlocations. This may partly explain this storm's surprise attack in the WashingtonInterior. The regularly-reporting coastal stations didn't report wind speedsthat suggested a gale would strike inland. This even includes stations notin the list, such as Hoquiam, which had a peak gust of 46 mph.
A well-constrained plate deformation model may lead to an improved understanding of sedimentary basin formation and the connection between subduction history and over-riding plate deformation. Building quantitative models of basin kinematics and deformation remains challenging often due to the lack of comprehensive constraints. The Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is an important manifestation of the destruction of the North China Craton, and records the plate kinematic history of East Asia during the Cenozoic. Although a number of interpretations of the formation of the BBB have been proposed, few quantitative basin reconstruction models have been built to test and refine previous ideas. Here, we developed a quantitative deformation reconstruction of the BBB constrained with balanced cross-sections and structural, stratigraphic, and depositional age data. Our reconstruction suggests that the basin formation process was composed of three main stages: Paleocene-early Eocene (65-42 Ma) extension initiation, middle Eocene-early Oligocene (42-32.8 Ma) extension climax, and post-Oligocene (32.8-0 Ma) post-extensional subsidence. The deformation of the BBB is spatially heterogeneous, and its velocity directions rotated clockwise during the basin formation process. The reconstruction supports the interpretation that the BBB formed via strike-slip faulting and orthogonal extension and that the basin is classified as a composite extensional-transtensional basin. We argue that the clockwise rotation of the basin velocity field was driven by the counter-clockwise rotation in the direction of Pacific Plate subduction. The kinematics of the BBB imply that the Pacific Plate may have been sufficiently coupled to the over-riding East Asian Plate during the critical period of Pacific Plate reorganization. The new reconstruction provides a quantitative basis for studies of deformation processes not only in the vicinity of the BBB but more broadly throughout East Asia.
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