See what Vim sees when you enter those keys, and map those instead.
For example, when I go to insert mode and type CTRL-V to insert the next character literally, then I type CTRL--, I see "^_" which means I should probably map <C-_> rather than <C-->.
However, I normally get | by pressing SHIFT-\, and CTRL-SHIFT-\ gives me nothing at all in insert mode. Maybe mapping <C-\> will work, but possibly CTRL-| is not mappable at all.