open about:config, search for parameter browser.uiCustomization.state and reset the value ?
If it's not enough, disable and re-enable VDH. If still not sufficient, try restarting the browser.
I had the same problem beginning two days ago. I have
FF 52.0.1, VDH 6.2.0, and Windows 10 Home (Version 1607, Build
14393.953). I uninstalled/reinstalled VDH, restarted the browser, reset browser.uiCustomization.state, and did so in every combination of sequence one can imagine all to no avail. In the end, I did a refresh of my FF profile, which (among other things) deleted all my extensions, and then I was able to see the VDH icon in the FF Toolbar after reinstalling VDH. So if none of the other steps suggested above work for you, try refreshing your FF profile.
Instructions for backing up your old profile can be found here:
http://kb.mozillazine.org/Profile_backup
You can get a list of installed extensions (so you can re-install after refreshing your profile) by copying the page found here (or converting it to pdf) - Help/Troubleshooting Information