Anti Bot Verification App

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Ive been doing TDD for a while now, I feel pretty good about it, I love my test suites and all. However I've noticed that lately I've been doing a lot of mock call verification. For example I'd have a Service that will have a Repository injected - in my unit test I'd pass a mock of the Repository and verify that it was called within the method that I'm testing. I'd then check if the results returned are correct (in another test). This definitely "feels" wrong, since my unit tests are now tightly coupled to the implementation details. I've heard that you should test "behavior", however in a lot of the situations that's ... emm - not possible? If you have a void method for example, you usually test side-effects. I mean it's easy to go ahead and show some simple code-kata's where this can be demonstrated, but IMHO it doesn't reflect very well to the real world programs that we write. Is what I'm doing wrong? Is this type of testing sort of an anti-pattern? I'd appreciate your opinion on this.

I do think that it makes your test more brittle, so you should avoid tests that rely on implementation details if you can, but it's not an all-or-nothing deal. It's OK sometimes, the worst thing that happens is you change the implementation and have to update the test.

The purpose of a test is to restrict the possible productive implementations. Make sure that you only put restrictions on the implementation that you actually need. Typically this is what your program should do, and not how it does it.

In any case you'd probably want one integration test which tests that the real implementations work together. Make sure that this one integration test is all that is needed to test your service. Or in other words: If a service plugs together a lot of collaborators (and is hence potentially hard to test), make sure that it doesn't contain any logic. If it does, and you'd need multiple (integration) tests, you need to change the structure of your code, e.g. by isolating the logic and hence making it more testable.

Using mocks in this case eases the pain of testing a piece of badly isolated logic, and hence hides an architectual problem. So don't use mocks to test badly structured code, but fix the structure instead.

Extend the tests you have for each individual service so that it checks the higher level behaviour. For instance, if your hitting an in-memory database in your unit tests of the service, take it up a level so you're testing the service against an actual db. The service layer is higher up the abstraction tree, and so should your test.

No, the only thing it tests is whether the method was called, but it says absolutely nothing about why the method was called, or whether the method even did anything when it was called. The method could have done the wrong thing, or even nothing, and this test has nothing to say about it. The entire SaveChanges method body could be commented out or deleted and this "test" would still pass!

Basically all the big answers here are correct. I've been throughout the same questions and, unfortunately haven't found something really clear. But then I realized that the answers where always there. I've read Roy Osherove in his wonderful The Art Of Unit Testing book, and also Kent Beck's TDD book, along with some others and lots and lots of reading and streaming about the subject. It's been a while since I saw my first test. So, in order to answer and enforce what was already said here: test the behavior, not the way you write the code. So validate that GetAll returns to a list of objects and that GetById returns the object when found or null (object.empty?). This way you'll mock whatever is inside your implementation and then test how your method behaves (does it respect its contract?).

Anti Money Laundering (AML) verification isn't just a voluntary best practice; it's a legally enforced protocol. Every transaction, be it in a booming city skyscraper or a small-town shop, undergoes this scrutiny. Non-compliance isn't just risky; it's met with hefty fines and punishments.

Whenever a financial institution or business interacts with a new customer, be it an individual or another enterprise, a series of checks are initiated. The objective? To ensure that every monetary transaction, large or small, adheres to local and international laws and remains free from the taint of criminal activities or suspicious activity.

The very name spells out the purpose: "Anti Money Laundering". This system works diligently to prevent malevolent actors from exploiting legitimate businesses to launder money and conceal illicit gains. Whether it's financial fraud, corruption, or the ominous realm of terrorism financing, AML check is designed to thwart these transgressions at the source.

However, it's essential to note that AML check isn't a straightforward, cursory glance at a customer's financial records. It's a meticulous and exhaustive procedure, rooted in stringent legal frameworks. These laws varied in their nuances, are outlined by multiple local, regional, and international bodies, making AML a globally coordinated effort.

For instance, in the United States, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the governing body that mandates businesses to adhere to specific AML regulations before greenlighting a transaction monitoring a potential customer. Across the pond, in the UK, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) shoulders this responsibility, ensuring businesses rigorously comply with AML prerequisites.

Zooming out to a broader, international perspective, the EU has carved its regulatory ecosystem. On an even grander scale, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), comprising several country governments other financial institutions, collaboratively sets the tone for AML measures. The United Nations (UN) too has a pivotal role, particularly when it comes to imposing and monitoring sanctions.

The realm of business is no stranger to accountability. When it comes to financial transactions, the stakes are exceedingly high, demanding an uncompromising approach to compliance, particularly with Anti Money Laundering (AML) laws.

The foundational tenet of AML compliance pivots around mutual accountability. If a customer engages in criminal activities and a business's negligence or oversight enables these illicit actions, both parties face the consequences. The business, in this context, is not just an innocent bystander to criminal activity; it is viewed as a facilitator, an enabler of the crime.

The ramifications for non-compliance are severe. Monetary penalties can be staggering, enough to cripple the financial backbone of even well-established enterprises. But it doesn't just stop at fiscal consequences. Key stakeholders, if found guilty of negligence or willful ignorance, could face the grim prospect of imprisonment. In certain cases, businesses confront a dual blow: hefty fines coupled with the incarceration of its top brass.

Given these stark implications, businesses are impelled to ensure thorough AML checks for every customer they onboard. It's not just about ticking a regulatory box but safeguarding the very integrity and reputation of the enterprise.

Certain sectors, given the nature of their operations, are especially vigilant and rigorous in their AML efforts. Banks, with their vast network of transactions, sit at the forefront of this effort. Brokerage firms, given their dealings in securities, shares, and other financial instruments, are meticulous in their AML checks. Venture capital funds, which channel significant investments into startups and businesses, cannot afford any stain of financial impropriety.

The rise of digital currency has also ushered cryptocurrency providers into the spotlight, necessitating stringent AML checks given the decentralized nature of their transactions. E-commerce businesses, given their vast consumer base and digital-first operations, are also in the vanguard of AML compliance. Moreover, sellers of luxury items, such as antiques, which can be susceptible to financial misdealings, are painstaking in their adherence. Real estate agents, often dealing in high-value asset transactions, are equally diligent.

In essence, the need for AML transcends industries and sectors. It is the bulwark against financial malfeasance, ensuring businesses remain trustworthy stewards of their customers' funds and maintain their esteemed position in the market.

The Anti Money Laundering verification process, often interlinked with Know Your Customer (KYC) and Know Your Business (KYB) methodologies, is a comprehensive approach to identify customers ensure financial transactions are above board. Here's a dive into its intricate steps:

Legally, engaging with PEPs is not prohibited, but it's considered high-risk due to the serious risk assessment potential misuse of their position for money laundering or corruption. The associated risk is the potential exposure to bribery or corruption by virtue of their position or their connections.

The intricate world of finance requires robust systems to ensure the legitimacy of every transaction. This is where the AML (Anti Money Laundering) verification steps in, serving as the gatekeeper against illicit financial activities. Here's a peek into how financial institutions employ AML checks.

When is AML Verification Conducted?

Contrary to popular belief, AML isn't a one-time activity during the onboarding process. Financial institutions are constantly vigilant about customer information, revisiting these checks:

Duration of a verification

Traditionally, the verification process was tedious and time-consuming. Today, with the advent of technology, it's not uncommon to have the procedure completed within hours. However, depending on the complexity and the risk profile of the client, it can stretch to days. The goal is always to strike a balance between thoroughness and efficiency.

Why Manual Verification Doesn't Cut It Anymore

In this digital age, manually sifting through heaps of data is not only inefficient but nearly impossible. Moreover, maintaining up-to-date paper-based records poses challenges both in accuracy and accessibility. Enter digital AML compliance platforms:

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