Hi all,
I encountered a similar problem on Ubuntu 16.04 after successfully running VESTA for some time. I think this is due to a conflict with upgraded NVIDIA drivers installed from Ubuntu's graphics package repositories. The nvidia x-server error had a different signature than the one above:
Details: serial 222 error_code 2 request_code 154 minor_code 24
I was unable to troubleshoot this error. My workaround was to deprecate my current nvidia driver, by purging nvidia installed from Ubuntu, and installing a slightly older driver from nvidia manually. The nvidia driver that prevented VESTA from running on my system was 375.20 released on 10/18/16. I installed 361.45 from 06/28/16 which allows VESTA to run without any X Window System errors. I'm not sure if the newest drivers (>375.20) would work with VESTA, but would like to be able to upgrade my graphics driver and still use this program.
Hope this gives some useful info.
Best,
Soham