For what it's worth, I tried providing a specific DefaultResourceLoader with the Verticle's class loader, but to no avail:
appCtx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
appCtx.registerShutdownHook(); // just in case
((AnnotationConfigApplicationContext) appCtx).setResourceLoader(new DefaultResourceLoader(getClass().getClassLoader()));
((AnnotationConfigApplicationContext) appCtx).register(AppConfig.class);
appCtx.refresh(); // <- blows up here