Brown Indonesian

[Malka Sedano]

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder whose prevalence increases globally. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is one of the DM management pillars to control blood glucose. Local Indonesian brown rice is proven to contain high fiber and magnesium levels thus could improve obesity, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c This study aims to prove the benefits of brown rice on anthropometric parameters and blood glucose control.

Design and methods: Respondents were overweight women older than 40 years with type 2 diabetes who were given three main meals and three snacks six days a week for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and blood glucose control data were collected before and after the intervention. Diet and intake data before the intervention were obtained through a semi quantitate food frequency questionnaire. Intake data during the intervention were recorded using the 24-hour food record and analyzed using modified NutriSurvey 2007 software.

This Indonesian Shrimp Fried Brown Rice is so flavorful, not your typical fried rice recipe. Years ago, my husband and I were fortunate enough to visit Bali. It was an amazing experience, and to this day, I have wonderful memories of the beautiful landscape, the friendly smiles, all the friends we got to know better, and the feasts we were treated to. One of my favorite memories from that trip was the fried rice we were served each morning called Nasi Goreng.

Heat remainder 2 teaspoons oil in wok; add onion and garlic and saute until fragrant, just a minute or so. Add shrimp and spread in a single layer; flip over when lightly browned on the bottom and cook other side. Add rice and cook until warm. Add Seasoning Sauce, peas and scrambled eggs. Continue to toss another 3-4 minutes until rice and peas are hot. Sprinkle with scallions before serving.

as an Indonesian, i approved this recipe lol. My go to fried rice recipe consists of 3 ingredients; garlic, chili and rice. I could go million ways by adding any veggies and/or proteins i have in the fridge.

In Indonesia, this dish is well known as semur ayam, Ayam means chicken and semur probably comes from the word stew. Basically, semur is Indonesian meat stew (more explanation about this later) that is cooked in low heat for at least 1 to 2 hours in thick dark gravy (the colour varies from dark brown to black depending on the type and how much sweet soy sauce that you use).

The main ingredient for this dish can be many things, but originally it was beef. Then people started to improvised and used chicken, eggs, tofu, potatoes, tempeh and even fish. Still, our most favourite is chicken stew which is also perfect to be combined with other ingredients such as white tofu and potatoes. The tofu and potatoes would be very soft and turned into dark brown colour after absorbing all the sauce and herbs mixture and my boy loved this so much since he was a little kid as they were soft and easy to chew.

Sweet soy sauce is the most important ingredient in making this dish. It will then be combined with other spices and seasonings as you can see in the list below (which is like most Indonesian food, the list is quite long).

I also posted another semur recipes with different ingredients and you can see the recipe in this post (beef meatballs stuffed with quail eggs) and in this post for no meat stew (egg, egg tofu and potatoes).

Marine bacteria have recently attracted increasing attention to be harnessed for the production of valuable enzymes, vitamins, and bioactive compounds. Bacteria associated with the surfaces of marine macroalgae, called epibionts, are particularly interesting from ecological and biotechnological points of view, as they often exhibit antimicrobial activities to compete with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and spaces. In search for biotechnologically potential genes from marine bacteria, we sequenced and analysed the genome of the epibiont HI03-3b, a polysaccharide-degrading bacterium associated with the surface of the Indonesian brown algae Hydroclathrus sp.

The epibiont Cytobacillus HI03-3b harbours genes for polysaccharide and protein degradation as well as for natural product biosynthesis, suggesting its potential ecological roles in outcompeting other bacteria during biofilm formation as well as in protecting its algal host from predation. Due to the presence of genes for vitamin biosynthesis, it might also provide the algal host with vitamins for growth and development. Some of these metabolic genes are biotechnologically important, as they could become a platform for bioengineering to generate various seaweed-derived substances sustainably, such as antibiofilm agents and vitamins, which are beneficial for human health.

Marine macroalgae, also called seaweeds, are valuable sources of health-promoting secondary metabolites, enzymes, and vitamins for being developed as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals [24, 36, 42]. Particularly, enzymes from seaweeds have attracted increasing attention for biotechnological applications due to their unique features [55]. However, the natural purification of algae-derived enzymes is extremely difficult due to their high content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and stable cell walls [45]. Furthermore, the limited supply of seaweed-derived bioactive compounds and enzymes represents a big challenge in their development into high-value marketable products, because most existing cultivation techniques developed for producing commoditized biomass may not necessarily be optimized for seaweed bioactive production [24].

Microorganisms associated with seaweeds have recently been recognized as the producers of novel bioactive compounds and enzymes [40]. Their ability to produce bioactives is considered as an ecological strategy to compete for nutrients and space on the surfaces of marine macroalgae [18]. This strategy also helps their algal hosts to chemically defend against the secondary colonization by other microscopic and macroscopic epibiota [17]. A notable example of epibionts that play this crucial ecological role is Pseudoalteromonas species inhabiting seaweed surfaces, as they produce toxic compounds, bacteriolytic substances, and extracellular enzymes for outcompeting other bacteria during biofilm formation [26, 27]. Continuous attempts to isolate potential seaweed-associated bacteria for identifying biotechnologically relevant genes are urgently needed to produce bioactive compounds and enzymes with biotechnological interest in sustainable ways.

In search for biotechnologically potential genes from seaweed epibionts, we initially isolated a novel polysaccharide-degrading bacterial species associated with the Indonesian brown algae Hydroclathrus sp. [70]. We found that the cell-free culture of this epibiont was able to inhibit the bacterial pathogen S. aureus, indicating its potential ability to produce antimicrobial substance extracellularly. This preliminary result encouraged us to sequence the whole genome of this bacterium in order to better understand its ecological role and biotechnological potential. Analysing the HI03-3b genome sequence has enabled us to identify metabolic genes, including those involved in polysaccharide and protein degradation as well as in natural product biosynthesis. Since polysaccharides and proteins represent key components of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of pathogenic microbial biofilms [57], this finding could become a basis for further exploring antimicrobial enzymes and compounds to treat persistent pathogenic biofilms. Subsequent heterologous expression of these genes is necessary to produce useful enzymes or compounds in sustainable ways for biotechnological applications.

Genome sequence assembly was carried out according to the main steps summarized in Fig. S1A. Bacterial genome sequence datasets were initially assembled using Flye Assembler Version 2.9, a de novo assembler for single-molecule sequencing reads [31, 56]. The Flye assemblies were subsequently polished with one-round Medaka ( ) for error correction to prepare high-quality genome sequences (available online: ). Quality parameters of the assembled HI03-3b genome sequence using QUAST [22] (Galaxy Version 5.2.0+galaxy1). The parameters were set up with the minimum IDY% considered as proper alignment of 95.0 and the lower threshold for a contig length (in bp) of 500. The GC% content and read count of HI03-3b genomic sequence were determined using RSeQC (v 2.6.4) [67]. Taxonomic distribution analysis was conducted using MyTaxa Scan result from MiGA to determine the degree of affiliation or novelty of sequences based on the genome-aggregate average amino acid identity [38, 52]. The order and direction of contigs generated after genome sequence assembly were determined based on blastn pairwise alignment [2] and subsequently verified by average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis [29] on PROKSEE with CGView Server [58, 59] using the complete genome sequences of closely related taxa as the references.

The assembled HI03-3b genome was visualized using PROKSEE on the CGView Server [58, 59] and subsequently annotated with Prokka version 1.1.0 [54], allowing the prediction of the numbers of CDSs (coding sequences) as well as genes for tRNAs and rRNAs (5S, 16S and 23S). These were verified using tRNAscan-SE 2.0 [9, 37] and NCBI record (Ref. Seq.: NZ_JAKDDU000000000.1). To predict genomic islands, the entire HI03-3b genome sequence was aligned against the complete genome sequence of the closely related taxon Cytobacillus oceanisediminis YPW-V2 [Accession Number: CP015506.1] using IslandViewer 4 [5] with the default parameters described in this link: www.pathogenomics.sfu.ca/islandviewer/about/. To predict HI03-3b primary metabolisms, all CDSs resulted from GeneMarkS analysis [6] were analysed using KofamKOALA [3] against KOfam, a customized HMM database of KEGG Orthologs (KOs) [3] combined with BLASTx analysis [2]. Carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) database [8] was used as the reference to identify genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes on HI03-3b genome sequence. By referring to gene position on contigs based on GeneMarkS analysis [6], biotechnologically potential genes were annotated on the circular HI03-3b genome map using PROKSEE on the CGView Server [58, 59]. Further analysis using AntiSMASH version 6.0 [7] was performed to identify natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs).

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