Puberulent

[Jens Loco]

Selaginellamoraniana, a new articulate species from Colombia and Ecuador is described and illustrated, and a conservation assessment is provided. The species is terrestrial or epipetric on riverbanks, often growing as a rheophyte, at low to mid elevations in primary and secondary tropical humid forests. It is morphologically related to S. atirrensis and S. lingulata, from which it differs by the margins of the median and axillary leaves on both leaf surfaces, as well as the acroscopic margin above and both margins below in lateral leaves, each continuously bordered by a whitish-hyaline band, and by the lateral leaves submarginally to marginally puberulent, with short, tooth-like projections or short, stiff hairs, along the basiscopic margin and near the apex on the upper leaf surface.

Selaginella moraniana, una nueva especie articulada de Colombia y Ecuador es descrita e ilustrada y se evala a su estado de conservacin. La especie es terrestre o epiptrica en los mrgenes de los ros, siendo a menudo una planta refita, y se encuentra en elevaciones bajas o medianas de bosques tropicales hmedos primarios o secundarios. Est morfolgicamente relacionada con S. atirrensis y S. lingulata, de las cuales se distingue por los mrgenes de las hojas mediales y axilares en ambas superficies de sus lminas, as como en el margen acroscpico en la superficie superior y en ambos mrgenes de la superficie inferior de las hojas laterales con un borde blanco-hialino continuo, y por las hojas laterales submarginal- o marginalmente puberulentas, con proyecciones cortas a manera de dientes o pelos cortos y rgidos a lo largo del margen basiscpico y cerca del pice en la superficie superior de la hoja.

We are indebted to the curators of the cited herbaria for making collections available and particularly to Hugo Navarrete (QCA), Bejamin llgaard (AAU), and Allison Paul (BM) for providing high resolution, digitized, specimen images. We are grateful to Robbin Moran, who over the years has facilitated study of the Selaginella collection at the New York Botanical Garden, for sending specimen loans and for mentoring the second author during OTS courses on ferns and lycophytes. The first author is grateful to the California Academy of Sciences, the New York Botanical Garden, the offices of the dean of the Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology and the vice-president for Research and Graduate Programs of the University of Panama, and the Sistema Nacional de Investigacin (SNI) of Panama for supporting his research. We also thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) in Panama for allowing use of their SEM facilities, Jorge Ceballos for assistance with SEM, Christopher Gioia for steady encouragement to the first author and for editing an early English draft of this paper, Jeraldin Vergara for the line drawing, and Pedro Argudo at Novo Art for technical assistance in assembling SEM multipart figures. Finally, we are grateful to Benjamin Torke, Fernando Matos, and an anonymous reviewer for their valued comments on the manuscript.

Order descriptions by:typesourceGeneral InformationTrees; trunks apparently armed, the branchlets armed with small brownish prickles, minutely puberulent. Leaves apparently odd-pinnate; petiole and rachis together 3-10 cm long, minutely puberulent especially toward the base; leaflets 9-11, opposite(?), elliptic to obovate, abruptly acuminate apically, inequilateral and cuneate basally, the margins crenulate, the blade pellucid punctate through- out, coriaceous, minutely puberulent, especially along the impressed midvein above and on the blade beneath, 25-65 mm long, 13-27 mm wide, the petiolules ca. 1 mm long. Staminate flowers unknown. Carpellate panicles axillary, 15 cm long in fruit, the main branch armed with small brownish prickles, minutely puberulent. Carpellate flowers with the pedicels minutely puberulent, 1-2 mm long in fruit; sepals 5, triangular, apiculate, minutely puberulent, less than 1 mm long; carpels 3, free. Follicles 1, subglobose, shortly stipitate, punctate glandular, glabrous, 3-4 mm in diameter.

Compact herbaceous perennial from a woody rhizome; stems 1-5, 10-30(32) cm high, 1.0-2.3 mm in diameter at the base, finely puberulent; leaves moderately thick, opaque, minutely puberulent and soon glabrescent or puberulent merely on the midvein, faintly glaucescent; basal leaves petiolate, 5-18 mm wide, 15-50 mm long, spatulate to broadly elliptic, entire, usually forming a basal rosette persistent at anthesis; stem leaves sessile, entire, usually somewhat revolute, the lowest narrowly lanceolate, becoming linear and more noticeably puberulent and slightly glandular toward the inflorescence, 0.8-5.0 mm wide, 18-42 mm long; inflorescence a virgate, somewhat secund, verticillate thyrse of opposing cymules (often only one of a pair developed), evidently glandular, 3-10 flowers, lower bracts puberulent and glandular, 0.8-5.0 mm wide, 9-34 mm long, reduced to about 2 mm long toward the top of the inflorescence, peduncles about half as thick as the main rachis, somewhat longer than the ultimate pedicels, cymules ascending, bracteoles minute; calyx green, tinged with purple, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, 3.5-5.0 mm long, lobes lance-ovate and slightly scarious-margined, glandular; corollas mostly ascending, rarely horizontal but never drooping, (11)12-17 mm long, 3-6 mm wide at the orifice, externally moderately glandular, gradually but little expanded and not inflated, pale lavender at base deepening to blue-purple at the lobes, lobes extending along the axis of the tube or hardly spreading, the anterior hardly exceeding the posterior, the throat open, the lower lip bearded with moderately long white hairs, the floor glabrous and obscurely ridged; anther sacs opposite after dehiscence, opening almost throughout, not explanate, longer than wide, not dentate along the suture; staminode not enlarged distally, usually included, densely pectinate-bearded its length with stiff golden hairs. Flowers July and August.

No similar species occur in the San Mateo Mountains. The most similar allopatric species is Penstemon oliganthus, which is distinguished by obscurely puberulent stems and horizontal or drooping flowers. Penstemon inflatus has a decidedly inflated corolla tube and P. metcalfei has glabrous stems and larger stem leaves and bracts.

This plant is not easily distinguishable from Penstemon oliganthus and may eventually be treated as a variation of that species. Put into synonymy with P. oliganthus (FNA Vol 17, 2019), which is widespread in NM, also in AZ and CO.

This species is distinctive in our region in its caulescent habit, gray-green puberulent foliage, narrow long linear-lanceolate to lanceolate leaf blades, and yellow corolla. Only V. vallicola var. vallicola, a species occurring within a few counties to the west of our range, could be confused with it. It differs from V. vallicola in its consistently puberulent foliage, longer narrower leaf blades with narrowly cuneate base, and larger medium brown seeds

2. Sepals glabrous; stem glabrous to puberulent, long glandular hairs 0 to moderate; leaf minutely serrate Having margins with sharp, fine to coarse teeth generally pointing tipward, not outward; margins with such teeth on such primary teeth are doubly serrate. or entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). (or appearing so), especially near base, tip obtuse Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. to rounded ..... G. humifusa

2' Sepals glandular-hairy; stem puberulent and moderate- to densely long-hairy, glandular or not; leaf minutely serrate, tip short-acuminate or acute Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. to obtuse ..... G. ovatifolia

黄芩属 huang qin shu Scutellaria hypericifoliaCredit: Harvard University Herbaria

Herbs or subshrubs, rarely shrubs, not aromatic. Leaves entire to pinnatifid. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes or spikes; floral leaves usually bractlike apically. Flowers axillary, opposite or sometimes alternate apically. Calyx short tubular, dorsiventrally flattened, 2-lipped; lips entire, closed and ultimately divided to base along sutures in fruit; upper lip deciduous, with a transverse, rounded, concave, scalelike scutellum (shield) or without and abaxially conspicuously saccate; lower lip persistent. Corolla 2-lipped; tube exserted, arcuate or suberect, gradually widening to throat, base bent and saccate or spurred, usually puberulent annulate outside; upper lip erect, galeate; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe broad, flattened, entire, lateral lobes joined to upper lip and sometimes spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, anterior 2 longest, underlying upper lip; anthers close together in pairs, bearded on cell aperture; posterior pair conspicuously 2-celled, apically acute, anterior pair 1-celled by abortion. Style subulate, apically unequally 2-cleft. Nutlets oblate, globose, to ovoid.About 350 species: worldwide, but only a few in tropical Africa; 98 species in China.A very isolated genus with unsatisfactory traditional divisions. Paton (Kew Bull. 45: 399-450. 1990) has proposed a revised classification of Scutellaria but did not deal with a largenumber of the Chinese taxa, and it is not possible to utilize his divisions in detail. Key 3

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