Cross Dj !LINK! Download 2020 Uganda
Janae Nowinski
As the Bill awaits Presidential assent, Uganda Red Cross and the Government continue to work together on the development of the Disaster Risk Management Bill, which will further help to strengthen and regulate disaster risk management activities across the country.
Data were analyzed for 4142 persons aged 18 years and older with BP measured in a community cross sectional survey in Uganda. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was estimated and a number of risk factors e.g. smoking, use of alcohol, overweight, obesity, physical activity, sex, age, marital status, place of residence, and consumption of vegetables and fruits were compared among different groups (normotension, pre-hypertension, and hypertension) using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression.
The limitations of our study include the cross-sectional nature meaning that causal inferences are difficult. There was a possible selection bias in the study due to the fact that most men were not found at home during the survey. In spite of these limitations, our sample size was big and we standardized the prevalence of estimates using a reference population.
This cross-sectional study has highlighted the space for increased male involvement and participation in maternal health, proposed recommendations and the need for community health education directed at men that engages them in this important area.
This study took place in Maligita and Kibibi, located in the southeastern region of Uganda in the Buganda and Busoga regions respectively. Both villages are located approximately 30 kilometers outside of Jinja, the closest major town. Jinja main hospital is the main referral centre where all women in the area go should a caesarean section or blood transfusion be required. The village of Maligita has a trained Ugandan midwife, supported by a faith-based organization that assists with antenatal care and supplies. Both Maligita and Kibibi have a Health Center IV, located 10 kilometers away as well as a closer Health Center II (see Table 1) approximately 2 km from each village. The villages were chosen because they would both face similar challenges in terms of distance from emergency care during labor, during which time engagement of men in transfer to hospital can be critical.
This cross-sectional study incorporated the use of a simple questionnaire as well as focus group discussions (FGDs) for groups of men and women who had recently been involved in a birth experience. The questions for both the FGDs and the questionnaires were trialed with a private community based midwife and village health team member. Questions were centered on delivery, preparations, antenatal care, health services, involvement of men and factors impacting pregnancy and labor. Thirty-five individuals, 23 female and 12 male, completed questionnaires in Luganda or Lusoga (the local languages spoken in the area) - 19 from Maligita and 16 from Kibibi.
Our study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at Curtin University in Western Australia. The study was discussed and permission sought from the local leader of the sub-county who supported the study. Each of the participants was given a participant information sheet in Luganda and provided informed consented via a signature or thumbprint. Participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time if required. Participants were also ensured of anonymity and were assigned a pseudonym.
The study used data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS), accessed with permission from DHS Program [32]. The UDHS (2016) was a cross-sectional nationally representative survey capturing national and sub-national estimates including, but not limited to, domestic violence and IPV in particular.
The cross-sectional design of the study entails certain limitations. First, only associations can be described; causal relationships cannot be established. It would for example be tempting to say that mixed feeding or replacement feeding leads to worse length-for-age outcomes. Theoretically, the converse might be true (reverse causality) [26, 27]: those with low LAZ are more likely to receive supplementary feeds in addition to breast milk in order to boost their growth. Second, only the surviving participants from the catchment area are included in the study, and that in itself entails an inbuilt selection bias. We could not obtain information about those who were dead, hospitalised or travelling. We might, for example, speculate that if dead infants were included, other more striking factors than household wealth and feeding would emerge as hindrances to growth, especially infectious diseases. Third, as the study was questionnaire-based, questions that require a good memory or might be sensitive were more vulnerable to recall bias or to socially desirable answers. Fourth, the reproducibility of the answers and measurements cannot be assessed for reasons of feasibility. Stringent training, frequent validation of instruments and procedures together with random auditing do not guarantee objectivity, but they are tools by which errors are minimised and internal validity strengthened. Fifth, certain aspects of the questionnaire could have been more specific: the most common way to record initiation of breastfeeding is "within the first hour," whereas we recorded "(1) immediately and (2) within the first two hours" etc. This reduces comparability with other studies. Likewise, actual practices regarding colostrum could have been covered in greater detail as we were focusing on early infant feeding practices. When these limitations are taken into account, we find the results plausible as they are consistent with existing literature in this field. Other Ugandan anthropometric studies also report findings that indicate differences between boys and girls using WHO Child Growth standards [28], and the importance of recommended infant feeding practices and socio-economic factors as closely linked with health outcomes [7, 29]. A recently published community study of children from 6 to 59 months in Bundibugyo District, Western Uganda, found wasting and stunting rates of 3 and 44%, respectively. The authors call for public health messages that will lead to decreased stunting among children [30]. Our findings that wasting and stunting rates were 4 and 17%, respectively, among infants only, support the need for public health action to improve the nutritional status of the youngest children [4]. Education of mothers did not turn out to be a significant factor in the adjusted analysis in our study, but education should not be underestimated as it clearly correlates with socio-economic status and health behaviour, as shown in other studies from Uganda [31].
3) The bus will likely pass through Kisumu and cross from Kenya to Uganda at the Busia border. From the Immigration side of Kenya, get off the bus along with everyone else and fall in line in passport control. They will simply stamp out your passport and your good to go. Make sure to bring your yellow fever certificate, photocopy of your passport, copy of return ticket, and all other similar documents just in case the immigration officers ask for it. Bring your pen too.
Have your remaining Kenyan Shillings or some of your USD/ Euro exchanged in Ugandan Shillings when you cross the border from Kenya to Uganda. You should have at least 10,000 Ugandan shillings to pay for your boda-boda. The area where your bus will drop you off is safe but you are likely to be charged higher if you offer to pay in USD/ Euro.
Uganda Red Cross has a strong in-country capacity to respond to Ebola, with volunteers across the country. More than 360 of these local Red Cross volunteers have received specialized training to respond to Ebola and support communities impacted by the disease. They are going door-to-door, ensuring that families know the facts about Ebola and understand how to prevent its spread. Their local knowledge and experience will be crucial in the fight against this outbreak. Red Cross teams in Uganda played a key role in containing the last five Ebola outbreaks, the last which ended in 2012. The Red Cross has also responded to other hemorrhagic fever outbreaks, including Marburg in 2017.
The American Red Cross shelters, feeds and provides comfort to victims of disasters; supplies about 40% of the nation's blood; teaches skills that save lives; distributes international humanitarian aid; and supports veterans, military members and their families. The Red Cross is a nonprofit organization that depends on volunteers and the generosity of the American public to deliver its mission. For more information, please visit redcross.org or cruzrojaamericana.org, or visit us on Twitter at @RedCross.
I had already gotten my East African tourist visa when I crossed from Tanzania to Rwanda, so the immigration process was really simple. You will walk up to the immigration window and get your exit/entry stamp and basically just cross the border by foot. It honestly took maybe 1 minute tops.
The Jaguar bus literally just pulls into the median of the two lane highway in the centre of town and lets you off. This is actually really convenient as you can walk to where ever you are staying. The Trinity Express pulls into a parking lot across from its ticketing office, which is also on the main highway in the centre of town.
Pro tip: If you need to upgrade to a Ugandan SIM card after crossing from Rwanda, you can get one in Kabale off the main street (I used MTN). If not, I recommend maps.me, a mobile app which you can use offline after downloading the country map.
Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) health authorities have renewed commitment to strengthen cross-border disease surveillance. This follows the confirmation of a new Ebola case in a five-year-old boy in Kasese, Uganda, on 11 June, who later died on Wednesday, 12 June 2019.
The African Union Commission, through the Africa CDC, has been supporting response to the Ebola outbreak in the DRC since the 10th outbreak was declared in August 2018. In addition to deploying a multidisciplinary team of 48 experts, Africa CDC has trained more than 470 local healthcare workers and community leaders on infection prevention, and more than 350 on cross-border screening. The African Union has supported with six GenXpert machines, testing cartridges and infection prevention supplies to strengthen laboratory diagnosis and prevent infection. Support has also been provided for community dialogues and awareness sessions in the affected regions.
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