Probiotic Fractions

[Geneva Andreotti]

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Purpose: Tretinoin is a topical gold standard for photoaging treatment. However, patient adherence can be impaired by local tolerability in the first 1-2 weeks of treatment. Mineral 89 Probiotic Fractions (M89PF) containing Vichy volcanic mineralizing water, probiotic fractions, hyaluronic acid, niacinamide and tocopherol was developed to fulfill the need for adjunctive products that can reinforce skin barrier and manage retinoid induced irritation.

Conclusion: M89PF reduced retinoid induced irritation with a good tolerability profile and, used as an adjunct to topical tretinoin, significantly improved skin hydration, erythema, fine lines, skin tone, radiance and pore appearance.

Vichy mineral 89 probiotic fractions is a moisturizing and repairing serum indicated for fragile skin, with signs of stress and exposed to urban environments. With high tolerance, this antioxidant action corrects dull complexion, smoothes wrinkles while restoring elasticity.

Vichy mineral 89 probiotic fractions is a regenerating and repairing face care. Enriched with probiotic fractions in Vichy volcanic water, it reduces signs of skin fatigue and stress. At the same time, it moisturizes, plumps, and smoothes the complexion.

With its specialized and innovative formula, Mineral 89 probiotic fractions are the culmination of 25 years of research that has resulted in a new exclusive Vichy active: Probiotic Fractions. The ultimate fortifier for fragile skin. This is composed of Probiotic Fractions, Vichy Volcanic Water, rich in 15 minerals, and Niacinamide.

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Our probiotic mask contains 2 Million Probiotic Fractions known for their repairing properties. Supercharged with probiotic fractions, after 4 weeks, skin feels repaired and looks healthier, with a radiant glow. On the surface, it boosts skin's reparative function and helps to strengthen your skin's delicate barrier. Suitable for all skin types, even sensitive. Don't bin your mask, compost it! Because we are committed to the environment, we made our sheet mask compostable in home-compost conditions. If you don't own a home-compost, please discard your mask with the pack in the general waste bin. Vegan Formula: No animal derived ingredients or by-products. All Garnier products globally are officially approved by Cruelty Free International under the Leaping Bunny Programme, the leading organisation working to end animal testing worldwide, and the recognised Cruelty Free Gold Standard.

Vichy MINRAL 89 Probiotic Fractions Regenerating & Repairing Booster The smoothing Vichy MINRAL 89 face care with probiotic extracts from Vichy's volcanic water strengthens the natural skin protection barrier and improves the skin's resistance. Thanks to niacinamide, hyaluronic acid and antioxidant vitamins, the serum ensures a visibly plumper complexion with more radiance. Moisturizing serum with a gentle formulation for all skin types The non-comedogenic formula of the probiotic face care does not contain alcohol or fragrances and is therefore also ideal for sensitive skin. The light texture of the regenerating serum is quickly absorbed.

Vichy Mineral 89 Probiotic Fractions Restoring & Revitalizing Serum targets acutely stressed skin, to support the repair of skin barrier damage. A nourishing formula enriched with probiotic fractions, 4% Niacinamide, Antioxidant Vitamins and Vichy Volcanic Mineralizing Water this skin repair serum works to support the skin strength while assisting in the protection against acute skin stressors. Minral 89 Probiotics is proven to visibly improve dullness, elasticity, stress lines and overall radiance for the recharge stressed skin needs. Its High Potency formula rich in Volcanic Water & Anti-OX Vitamins is clinically proven to repair and regenerate the skin againt visible signs of aging. Mineral 89 Probiotic Fractions is prone to signs of stressed skin such as dullness, fine lines, loss of elasticity and sensitive skin.

Enriched with 4% niacinamide and probiotic fractions, the serum is designed to envelop skin in hydration, helping to combat the effects of skin stressors and improve elasticity. The serum features innovative strengthening properties proven to support skin recovery* while helping to reveal a healthy-looking radiance.

M89PF contains Vichy volcanic mineralizing water, probiotic fractions of Vitreoscilla filiformis, hyaluronic acid, niacinamide and tocopherol. It has been developed to repair the natural skin barrier and to reinforce skin defenses against acute exposome factors and stress.7,8

Mycotoxins are low-molecular-weight organic compounds produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi and cause severe diseases in animals and humans. Three genera of fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium) are the most important mycotoxin producers (Marin et al., 2013).

Among bacteria taken into consideration, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacillus spp. are two groups that are tested on food the most due to their benefits to the host. Their role has been reported not to be restricted to antimicrobial ability, specific strains can inhibit mycotoxin production or decrease mycotoxin concentrations (Nasrollahzadeh et al., 2022; Mateo et al., 2023). LAB have a significant and well-known role in food fermentation and are found in the human and animal intestines and on mucous membranes. These bacteria are Gram-positive with natural lactic acid fermentation. LAB are also the most popular probiotic microorganisms with beneficial health properties (Zoghi et al., 2014). Lactococcus and Lactobacillus among LAB could prevent or limit the growth of potential mycotoxin-producing fungi like penicillia, aspergilli, and fusaria (Dali et al., 2010; Bangar et al., 2021), so it was proven that LAB could reduce fungal growth and aflatoxin production. Beside antimicrobial activity, LAB and bifidobacteria have several significant abilities such as antioxidant activity, and vitamin and exopolysaccharide production. In addition, binding, absorbing, and biotransforming metal ions (Zoghi et al., 2014; Martnez et al., 2020) from the media into their organic forms is one characteristic documented in LAB.

LAB and bifidobacteria are Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS; FDA, USA) organisms or granted QPS (Qualified Presumption of Safety) status by EFSA in Europe (EFSA, 2018) and are good candidates for food-grade mycotoxin binders.

Considering the composition, physicochemical characteristics, and milk's aflatoxin binding capacity (on casein fraction; Indyk et al., 2021), the situation of toxin availability is highly complex. Second derivative ATR-FTIR spectroscopy results confirmed the occurrence of hydrophobic interactions between the AFM1 and milk proteins and suggested that the affinity towards casein can be attributed to its porous structure and AFM1 interaction with the C=O bond existing in the proteins (Harshitha et al., 2023). Unfortunately, in most studies focused on applying bacteria to remove aflatoxins, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution amended with mycotoxin was used in the experiments (Peles et al., 2021) instead of milk.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of AFM1 on probiotic industrial bacteria (Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis R703, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12, and L. paracasei subsp. paracasei 431) and testing the AFM1 binding ability of the different cell fractions in naturally contaminated milk.

Meanwhile, 67% of the initial concentration of the AFM1 remained in the milk with untreated live biomass. Interestingly, the increase in peptidoglycan cell fraction did not result in a decreased AFM1 concentration in the milk.

Binding of AFM1 by B. animalis ssp. lactis BB12 cell preparations are shown in Fig. 2. The treatment with TCA gaining the peptidoglycan fraction showed the highest AFM1 binding capacity. The residual AFM1 content of the milk was the lowest with the peptidoglycan fraction of B. animalis ssp. lactis BB12 biomass (60%). Following the peptidoglycan fraction, the AFM1 content of milk increased for each fraction, purified cell wall (78%), the teichoic acid fraction (70%), cell debris (75%), and viable cells (81%), but the difference in the binding capacity from the one of the viable cells was insignificant.

Interestingly, for the BB12 strain, the mycotoxin binding capacity of the peptidoglycan fraction was better than that of the viable cells. While for the R703 strain, there were no significant differences between the binding capacity of the cells and their peptidoglycan fraction. Increasing the reaction time did not result in increased AFM1 binding by the cells and peptidoglycan fractions of both R703 and BB12 strains.

Heat treatment caused protein degradation, and acid treatment disrupted glycoside linkages of polysaccharides and destroyed amide bonds, thus changing the peptidoglycan structure, which allowed the bacterial cell to bind to more aflatoxin B1 (El-Nezami et al., 1998). El-Nezami et al. (1998) also reported the binding of heat and acid-treated bacteria to mycotoxin zearalenone. The sufficient binding of aflatoxins by bacteria depended on the LAB strain's inherent features, incubation time, temperature, pH, and the matrix itself (Ahlberg et al., 2015; Adibpour et al., 2016). However, increasing the incubation time of AFM1 with the peptidoglycan did not increase toxin binding by the R703 and BB12 strains. It has also been proved by Zhao et al. (2015) and Mahmood Fashandi et al. (2018) that the increase in the incubation time did not intensify the mycotoxin binding capacity of the LAB strains. Also, the AFM1 binding was partially reversible, and the toxin was released after repeated washes (Ismail et al., 2017; Assaf et al., 2018), which suggested a non-covalent interaction between the mycotoxin and the hydrophobic pockets on the bacterial surface (Haskard et al., 2001), and that interaction behaved in a concentration-dependent manner (Peltonen et al., 2001; Hernandez-Mendoza et al., 2009). Our experiment showed that increasing the applied bacterial biomass did not increase the aflatoxin M1 binding capacity of the LAB tested, which was controversial to the above statements. It could be explained by the reversibility of the binding.

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