Imust be in my usual school year cycle as I can't seem to get through January/February without thinking about informational readers and writers--a perfect winter genre study. This week's Text Set focuses on the Power of Subtitles for Readers and Writers! Subtitles can help readers in so many ways. And when writers create thoughtful titles and subtitles, they have to think deeply about their text's message. Let's look at different ways authors use subtitles, how those can help readers understand big ideas and how writers can use subtitles to think more deeply about they big idea.
Bionic Beasts: Saving Animal Lives with Artificial Flippers, Legs and Beaks and The Oldest Student: How Mary Walker Learned to Read are great to introduce the idea of subtitles to reader and writers. If I were to name what these writers do, they use their subtitle to further explain the main title of the book. The title gives a HINT about the book and the subtitle goes on to give you more detailed information. Young writers can try this with titles for their own writing.
Some titles don't really tell the reader wha the topic of the book is. Instead, they set the stage for letting the reader know of some important idea in the book without revealing the topic. (This subtitle is so small on the cover, that you don't even notice it at first, so that you focus on the main title.) That's what Not My Idea:A Book About Whiteness does. Then the title goes on to reveal the topic in very straightforward language. Readers have a topic and and an important idea to think about before they begin to read. Writers might try this by writing the subtitle first and then thinking about an actual title that captures a message without giving away the text's topic.
This text is actually the home page of a favorite website. The Kids Should See This is a site with incredible videos, as you can tell by the subtitle. In this example, the title gives a hint into the topic but the subtitle gives more specifics. Including texts other than books is critical in text sets so that young readers and writers see how these same craft moves are used in multimedia texts.
Hello, Crochet Friends!: Making Art, Being Mindful, Giving Back: Do What Makes You Happy is a book with a VERY long subtitle but every word is important. Jonah Larson is a world-famous crochet expert and the topic of the book is crocheting. But the book is more than that as the subtitle(s) explains. Crocheting is about so much more for Jonah. This book's subtitle sets the stage for readers and the double colon can give writers something to play with. As writers, giving a title like this a try could help writers expand their thinking around their topic.
These two books (Kamala Harris: Rooted in Justice and Exquisite: The Poetry and Life of Gwendolyn Brooks) pair well when talking about titles and subtitles. Because they are both biographies and they both use a strong word/phrase to capture what is important about the person in the book. One uses the word/phrase as a title. The other uses it as a subtitle. Playing with a single word or phrase that sums up a big topic is a great way to push thinking as writers. As readers, finding evidence of this characteristic through the book will help them read more deeply. And as an author, the decision about which to make the title and which to make the subtitle would also make for interesting conversation!
On November 13th, 2023, representatives from the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, and the Institute of International Education released findings on international students from the Open Doors 2023 Report on International Educational Exchange. View the data release recording and explore key findings, fast facts, data highlights, and data tables on international students.
Soaring beyond pre-pandemic levels to nearly record highs, the number of international students who enrolled for the first time at a U.S. college or university during the 2022/2023 academic year increased by 14% to 298,523, building on the 80% increase in the prior year. New enrollments continued to increase across all academic levels.
53 percent of all international students in 2022/23 were from China and India, comparable to the prior year. However, the market share for each place of origin has shifted, with 27 percent of students from China and 25 percent of students from India, in comparison to 33 percent from China and 18 percent from India in 2017/18.
Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest rate of growth among world regions, growing by 18 percent. Notably, Ghana entered the top 25 places of origin for the first time in Open Doors history. This is the first time in over a decade that two Sub-Saharan African places of origin are in the top 25.
EducationUSA is a U.S. Department of State network of over 430 international student advising centers in more than 175 countries and territories. EducationUSA is committed to promoting the diversity of U.S. higher education to help international students find their best fit.
USA Study Abroad is a U.S. Department of State entity focused on expanding and diversifying study abroad opportunities for U.S. students to gain critical skills in support of our national security and economic prosperity.
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The Enrollment, Capacity & Utilization Report is an annual document that provides information on school organization and school building utilization. The utilization data is derived by using information from the Principal Annual Space Survey where principals report on how spaces are being used during a given school year. This Report is designed to provide a standardized assessment of capacity for each school and school building and assist decision-making relative to space utilization.
Beginning with the 2022-23 Blue Book, we have opted to reinstate the Program Efficiency Ratio for a select group of specialty instruction rooms, including dance rooms, weight rooms and shop rooms, where their physical layout presents significant challenge for adaptable use in teaching different subjects.
The demographic projections take into account the birth, enrollment, and migration trends for five and ten years into the future. The enrollment projection is then combined with projected housing growth to derive the total projected enrollment. Following are enrollment projections prepared by Statistical Forecasting.
New housing development projects can stress the local schools by introducing an influx of new students. The Department of Education collaborates with other City Agencies to develop a comprehensive list of new housing starts and incorporates the expected increase in school-age population into its projections. Following are housing projection reports used in developing the projections.
The SCA's comprehensive capital planning process includes developing and analyzing quality data, creating and updating the Department of Education's Five-Year Capital Plans, and monitoring projects through completion. The SCA prioritizes capital projects to best meet the capacity and building improvements needs throughout the City. Additionally, the SCA assures that the Capital Plan aligns with New York State and City Department of Education mandates, academic initiatives, and budgetary resources. The most current published reports are included below for your review. In addition, by clicking on the tabs to the left, you can access current and prior published reports.
Video captions are an essential part of providing accessible education to students with hearing disabilities. On top of this, captions improve the learning outcomes for all students and make content more easily understandable to students who do not speak English as their first language.
In 2009, researchers Greg McCall and Carmen Craig conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine the impacts of Same-Language-Subtitling (SLS), another word for captioning, on the reading comprehension skills of secondary school students in Kaneohe, Hawaii.
McCall and Craig randomly assigned 198 secondary school students with learning disabilities (ages 14 to 19) to either special education classrooms using the SLS intervention or comparison classrooms (special or general education). The study found that students in the SLS intervention condition scored significantly higher than students in the comparison condition on the reading comprehension achievement post-tests.
Another study conducted by Planet Read in India showed same-language-subtitling on TV to greatly increase the literacy rate of children in the country, doubling the number of functional early-age readers.
Furthermore, video captions improve comprehension for non-native English speakers. With 61.8 million people in the U.S. who have a native language other than English, video captions are a great resource to help these individuals follow along better in class, just like captions are a vital resource for those learning a new language.
Lastly, captions improve comprehension of educational videos because they clarify the dialogue when the speaker has a dialect, technical terms are used, the audio is muffled or too quiet, or when the environment is noisy.
During the first year of a 2-year case study, Collins showed videos without captions to establish a baseline of student comprehension, then in the second year, he turned on the captions and began to see improvement in comprehension and grades.
The Library of Philosophy and Practice at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln also conducted a study examining the effects of using subtitles and captions. The study found that the performance of students who were exposed to the instructional strategy that used captions and subtitles improved significantly over the students who were not exposed to this strategy.
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