Neuropsychological Battery Pdf

[Manric Hock]

Applicationsof the LNNB are generally seen in clinical settings such as hospitals, counseling, and research. Research has shown its shorter testing time, cost to administer, and effectiveness allow for cost-efficient and reliable results.[9] The LNNB has been used to determine brain functions after trauma to the brain occurs and to pin-point what mental disorder is present. Through its development and revision, the battery has also been shown to aid in presenting other underlying ailments that could not be detected by other sources. In some cases the LNNB has been seen to show sensitivity to more subtle abnormalities in brain functioning, which researchers did not expect.[10] Due to its ability to target the damage of the brain, if any, as well as the mental disorder, the LNNB is useful in finding treatment options, assessing research, and aiding in choosing research participants.[11] Disorders that the LNNB has been seen to detect include schizophrenia, borderline personality, post-traumatic stress disorder, brain trauma, epilepsy tumor, metabolic problems, and degenerative disorders.

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The Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB; Stern & White, 2003) is a comprehensive test battery that assesses five cognitive domains (Attention, Language, Memory, Spatial, and Executive Functions). The purpose of the current descriptive study was to present data on the index and primary test scores from the five main NAB cognitive modules in a sample of patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to a residential postacute rehabilitation program. Twenty patients were administered all five main NAB modules upon recommendation from the NAB Screening module. The sample performed significantly worse than normal on tests that assess selective and divided attention, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, and cognitive flexibility. The largest proportion of patients performing below an established impairment cutoff (10th percentile) occurred on the Numbers and Letters, List Learning, Story Learning, Daily Living Memory, and Categories Tests. Significant performance decrements were not observed on any indices or tests from the Language or Spatial cognitive domain modules. The pattern of performance on the NAB demonstrated by the current sample is consistent with the neuropsychological profile observed in postacute patients with moderate-to-severe TBI without focal deficits (e.g., aphasia), demonstrating its relative sensitivity in this patient population. A comparison between the current study sample and a related clinical sample from the NAB standardization data is discussed.

The Meyers Neuropsychological Battery (MNB) integrates neuropsychological tests into a modified Rohling Interpretive Method (RIM) statistical approach combined with a profile matching approach.

You may add your own tests as well. The MNB is very flexible and can accommodate new tests and new norms as the field of neuropsychology changes. The MNB also as a customizable report generator to assist the clinician in report writing.

To order the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery (MNB) you must be a Licensed Psychologist and have a specialty in Neuropsychology. If you do not meet these criteria, do not order the software (I will not activate it until I verify your psychology license). By ordering the software you agree you meet the two criteria and you also agree not to give out copies of the software (or any of its accompanying data files) to anyone for any reason at anytime (including lawyers, judges, or patients or anyone else).

For more information about MNS or our seminars, please Contact Dr Meyers.

Dr Meyers is available for any MNB related customization and Report Generator customization. Click here to order online.

Keep your participants engaged with our simple and user-friendly tasks, whether in-clinic or at home. Our neuroscientists and consultants work with you to build a battery of CANTAB cognitive assessments that will best enable you to reach your study objectives.

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Well accepted criteria for the diagnosis of dementia, like the DSM-IV and the ICD-10 are based on the identification of a memory deficit, and at least one more deficit in another area of cognition. The same criteria were adopted for the diagnosis of Alzheimers disease (AD) by the US National Institutes of Health (NINCDS-ADRDA)1 with a sensitivity of 80% for the diagnosis of probable AD. This led to the creation, in 1986, of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), with the objective of setting a standard for the clinical and neuropsychological assessment of AD2. Eventually, standardized criteria for the neuropathological3 and imaging4 diagnosis were established.

CERAD criteria for neuropsychological evaluation are compatible with those of DSM and there is explicit reference, for diagnosis of probable AD, to the need of "dementia established by clinical examination and documented by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Blessed Dementia Scale or a similar test, confirmed by neuropsychological examination". There are several advantages in using a standard battery like CERAD: it is possible to compare results among different groups and studies; the examination is uniform and agreement among examiners is high2; test-retest is reliable2; being more complete than a screening test, this battery is able to detect dementia at an initial stage5. Finally the battery is not extensive, the time of application being around 30 minutes. With the large group of patients involved along the study, it was possible to determine the effect of variables such as education, age and gender on the performance6.

The following tests were chosen, to evaluate the main cognitive alterations in AD: verbal fluency (animal category), abridged Boston naming test (15 of the 60 original drawings), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), word list memory, with repetition, recall and recognition, and constructional praxis with copy and recall2.

In former studies the battery was applied to subjects with probable AD and mild to severe disease, whose performance was compared with paired controls. This initial study2 showed several advantages for the battery: the acceptance among the different centres was good, and technical difficulties in the application were not observed; the time of application was short (between 20 and 30 minutes); the reliability coefficient among examiners was satisfactory for all the tests2. Subsequent studies, with additional inclusion of other patients, permitted to identify differences among subtypes of AD7 and modifications in the performance of the battery with disease evolution8.

A Brazilian version of the CERAD clinical and neuropsychological batteries was developed by the Disciplines of Neurology and Geriatrics of the Escola Paulista de Medicina in So Paulo. Compared to the Portuguese version, developed by the Department of Neurology of the University of Lisbon, the Brazilian version was remarkably similar, except for one word (grass), that has different meanings in Portugal and Brazil.

Compared to the English version there were two major points to be considered in the Brazilian version. For verbal memory tests, words were chosen with roughly the same meaning and extension, but some adaptation was needed. For instance, the literal translation of the word "shore" would be "costa", which has more than one meaning in Brazil, so "praia" (beach) was chosen instead. The abridged Boston naming test has items supposed to reflect decreasing word frequency. Since there is not, as far as we know, a study of word frequency in Brazilian Portuguese, we kept the original items in the same sequence. The tests were applied in the following sequence:

- verbal fluency9 it is given the order "Tell me all the animals you can remember. You can say any animal". One minute is counted starting from the end of the command and the score corresponds to the number of animals reminded in this period. Proper nouns and repetitions are not counted. When animals whose gender is similar are reminded only one is scored, but when the denomination is different (e.g. horse and mare) both are scored.

- Mini-mental State Examination11 for this research we used a Brazilian version from a study in Sao Paulo metropolitan area which established cut-offs according with education level12. Maximum score for this test is 30 points.

- Word list memory task13 ten unrelated words are read aloud (Appendix 1 Appendix 1 ), one by one, by the subject (or the examiner, in case of reading difficulty) at a speed of one word every 2 seconds. Recalling is done immediately after the last word, for a maximum period of 90 seconds. The procedure is repeated, with the words in a different order, two more times. The score is obtained by the sum of the words recalled in the 3 trials, with a maximum score of 30 points.

- Constructional praxis14 - four drawings are presented, one at a time (circle, diamond, overlapping rectangles and cube), with a maximum of 2 minutes for the copy of each drawing. Scoring is done separately for each drawing, the sum of scores being 11 points maximum.

- Word list recognition15 - after the spontaneous recalling, the 10 words are presented mixed to 10 new words (appendix 1 Appendix 1 ). To correct for a chance effect, the score is calculated as the total number of correct answers minus 10. As the maximum number of correct answers is 20, the maximum score is 10.

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