To close the loop on this issue, we did discover a resolution. The developers here noticed that the XML namespace declaration appeared to be different from what’s specified in the IMS LTI specification. Ebinezar confirmed that updating the namespace declaration resolved their issue.
In the standard, here’s the example replaceResult request block:
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<imsx_POXEnvelopeRequest xmlns = "http://www.imsglobal.org/services/ltiv1p1/xsd/imsoms_v1p0">
<imsx_POXHeader>
<imsx_POXRequestHeaderInfo>
<imsx_version>V1.0</imsx_version>
<imsx_messageIdentifier>999999123</imsx_messageIdentifier>
</imsx_POXRequestHeaderInfo>
</imsx_POXHeader>
<imsx_POXBody>
<replaceResultRequest>
<resultRecord>
<sourcedGUID>
<sourcedId>3124567</sourcedId>
</sourcedGUID>
<result>
<resultScore>
<language>en</language>
<textString>0.92</textString>