vacuum furnace
The principle of the vacuum furnace is to use the vacuum system to discharge
some of the material inside the furnace chamber, so that the internal pressure
is lower than a standard atmospheric pressure, so that there is a vacuum
transition in the furnace. The earliest record of vacuum furnace is the 1930s,
1927 made in the United States electrical materials vacuum annealing furnace. In
1953, vacuum consumable electric arc furnace has been used in smelting titanium
sponge in industry. Before and after 50s, vacuum furnaces were widely used in
industry. In 1960, the United States developed an oil quenching vacuum
furnace.
The main characteristics of vacuum furnace are:
1, the pressure
inside the furnace can be drawn into industrial furnace below atmospheric
pressure.
2. Electric heating in vacuum furnace, the surface of the heated
workpiece is not oxidized, not decarbonized, small deformation, good mechanical
properties.
3. Smelting metal with vacuum furnace is beneficial to remove
impurities, fewer pinholes, smaller segregation and better quality.
The scope
of application of vacuum furnace is:
Vacuum furnace is suitable for smelting
and heating high quality, high purity, refractory metals, such as tungsten,
molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, titanium, heat-resistant alloy steel smelting and
magnetic materials, electrical materials, high strength steel, stainless steel,
tool steel, die steel and other heat treatment.
The structure of vacuum
furnace:
Vacuum furnace is generally composed of furnace, electric heating
device, sealed furnace shell, vacuum system, power supply system and temperature
control system. The sealed shell is welded with carbon steel or stainless steel,
and the joint surface of the detachable part is sealed by vacuum sealing
material. In order to prevent the deformation of the shell after heating and the
deterioration of the sealing material, the furnace shell is usually cooled by
water cooling or air cooling. The furnace is located in the sealed furnace
shell. According to the use of the furnace, the furnace is equipped with
different types of heating elements, such as resistors, electrodes and electron
guns. The vacuum furnace for smelting metals is equipped with a crucible, and
some are equipped with automatic pouring devices and manipulators for loading
and unloading materials. The vacuum system is mainly composed of vacuum pump,
vacuum valve and vacuum gauge.
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