History of Kumaon, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part 21
Bhishma Kukreti
Historical Features of Garhwal, Kumaon (Uttarakhand) in Krishna Era of Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans -5
History of Kumaon, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part 21
Historical Aspects of Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-18
Historical Aspects of Garhwal & Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans -5
Bhishma Kukreti
Uttarakhand in Krishna Era or in Mahabharata era
Extension by Pandavas (Mahabharata) in Uttarakhand: For amicability among Kauravas and Pandavas. Pandavas were given Indraprast region and Hastinapur kingdom was retained for Duryodhan . Pandvas expanded their kingdom. Bhim, Arjun, Nakul and Sahdev were given responsibilities to win over East, North, south and west respectively. Ghatotkuchh the son of giantess Hidamba and Bhim was given responsibility of expansion in Sri Lanka.
Arjun won the territories of Kulind, Kalkoot (Kalsi), and Tarai Bhabhar (plains of Garhwal, Kumaon).
पूर्व कुलिंदविषये वशे महीपतीन
धनंजयो महाबाहुर्नातितीव्रण कर्मण
आनर्तान कालकूटनश्च कुलिन्दाश्च विजित्य
स:
(Mahabharata, Sabhaparv, 26/3-5)
Arjun got gems gifts from Khash, Jhas, Nadyot, Praghas, Deerghvenik, Pashup, Kulind Tangan, Parantngan communities of Uttrakhand.
मेरु -मदरयोर्मध्ये शैलोदाम नदीम I
ये ते कीचकबेणुनां
छायाम रम्यामुपासते II
खशांझषांश्च नद्योतान प्रघसान दीर्घवेणिकान
पशुपांश्च कुलिंदाश्च तंगाण़ान परतङ्गाणान
रत्ना न्यादय सर्वेभ्यो
माल्यततो ययौ (Mahabharata,
Sabhaparva, 28/6 and other shlokas)
Gifts from Uttarakhandi Regional kings to Yudhistar
After winning many regions, King Yudhisthara (Pandavas eldest brother) became Chakravarti King and he organized a huge celebration party (Mahan yagya). Hundred of kings attended the huge celebration party of Pandavas in Idraprasth. All kings gifted precious materials to Yudhisthar.
Sumukh the Kulind king of a region of Uttarakhand snet many precious gifts to Yudhishthar (mahabharat, Sabhaparva, 28/6).
The regional kings of Uttarakhand as Keechak venu, Khasha, Jyoha (jauhari), ekasan, Deerghvenik (long hair) gifted precious materials as gold dust to Yudhishthar (Mahabharata, sabhaparv, 52/5-7).
The Uttarakhandi community kings offered gifts as various colored Chanvar, Himalayan Honey, various types of Himalayan gems for durable garlands, Ganga water, and various medicinal herbs.
The Brahmins from Garhwal, Uttarakhand as Dhyaumya , his bother Deval and Agystya Muni were also in Mah yagya of Yudhistar (mahabharat, Sabhaparva 51/7).
Historical Features of Garhwal & Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata and Ramayana and Purans to be continued…6
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 20/4/2013
****Reference for Historical Aspects of Garhwal & Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata and Ramayana and Purans.
B.D. Pandey, Kumaon ka Itihas, pages 157-179
Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 2, pages 283-319
B.D. Chatopadhyaya , 2003, Studying Early India: Archeology, Texts and Historical Issues
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -22
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…19
References and Further Reading Suggestions:
Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)
Dabral, Shiv Prasad, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India
Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand
Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas
Jagdish Bahadur , 2003 Indian Himalayas
Dr. Naval Viyogi, Professor M A Ansari, 2010 History of the Later Harappans and Shilpkara Movement (two volumes) Kalpaz Publication, Delhi, India
Khadak Singh Valdiya , 2001, Himalaya: Emergence and Evolution , Uni Press, Hyderabad, India
K.P.Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1997, Him Kanti (page 85 for Khasa)
O.P Kandari and O.P Gusain, 2001, Garhwal Himalaya (Pages for Khasa- 309/360)
Lalan Ji Gopal and Vinod Chandra Shrivastava , History of Agriculture in India (up to 1200AD(article of Dr K.P Nautiyal et all – Agriculture in Garhwal Himalayas o to 1200AD, page 162)
Kanti Prasad Nautiyal, 1969, The Archeology of Kumaon including Dehradun
K.P Nautiyal, B.M. Khanduri, 1991, Emergence of Early culture in Garhwal , Central Himalaya
R.C.Bhatt, K.P. Nautiyal, 1987-88Trans Himalayan Burials, visa vis Malari, an Assessment, JOSHARD, Vol11-12 (pp 95-101)
D.P Agarwal, Jeewan Singh Kharakwal ,1995, Cist Burials of the Kumaun Himalayas,
Http://www.thefreeliberary.com/cist +burial+Himalayas-a017422774
New cultural Dimension in the Central Himalayas, region of Uttarakhand, an Archeological assessment:
http://opar.unior.it/664/1/5/Annali 1986 (f1)K.p.nautiyal-B.M.Khanduri
Ajya Rawat, History of Garhwal
C.M Agarwal history of Kumaon
D.P Agarwal, J Kharakwal, 1995, Kumaon Archeology and Tradition, Almora Book, Almora
O.C. Handa, 2003, History of Uttaranchal (Page 22 for Khashas)
O.C. Handa, 2009, Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand
S.s Negi, Back and beyond, Garhwal Himalaya: Nature, Culture and Society
B.P. Kamboj, 2003, Early Wall painting of Garhwal
S.S.s Negi, Himalayan Rivers, lakes and Glaciers
Surendra Singh, 1995, Urbanization in Garhwal Himalaya: a geographical Interpretation
Upinder Singh, 2008,History of Earlier and Medieval India.
John Whelpton, 2005, History of Nepal (page 22 , Khasa)
Narendra Singh Bisht and T. S Bankoti, 2004, Encyclopedic Ethnography of the Himalayan Tribes (Page for Khasa – 736)
J.C. Agarwal, S.P.Agarwal, S.S. Gupta, 1995, Uttarakhand: Past, Present and Future
M.S. S Rawat (editor), Himalaya: a Regional Perspective
Carleton Stevens Coon, 1962, The Origin of Race
C.S. Coon, The Races of Europe
Notes on Historical Aspects of Garhwal & Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; Historical Aspects of Kali Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; Historical Aspects of Dhyanirau in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; Historical Aspects of Chaubhainsi Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; Historical Aspects of Sor Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; Historical Aspects of Seera/Sira Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; ; Historical Aspects of Askot Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; ; Historical Aspects of Faldakot Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; ; Historical Aspects of Dhaniyakot Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; ; Historical Aspects of Chhakhata Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; ; Historical Aspects of Bhawali Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; ; Historical Aspects of Bhimtal Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; ; Historical Aspects of Kotoli Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; Historical Aspects of Mahrudi Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; Historical Aspects of Tarai Bhabhar, Kota Bhabhar , Kota Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans; Historical Aspects of Tarai Bhabhar, Kalsi Garhwal in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans to be continued…
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Bhishma Kukreti
Bhishma Kukreti
Historical phases of Garhwal, Kumaon (Uttarakhand) in Krishna Period of Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans -6
History of Kumaon, Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part 21
Historical Aspects of Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-19
Historical Phases of Garhwal & Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata, Ramayana and Purans-6
Bhishma Kukreti
Dyutkreeda of gambling among Kauravas and Pandavas
and Uttarakhand
There is description in Mahabharata that Duryodhan the king of Hastinapur invited his cousin brother Yudhishthir for gambling. In gambling with cousin Duryodhan, the king of Indraprasth Yudhishthir lost his kingdom, brothers and wife Draupadi. Due to conditions of gambling law, Pandavas had to live into forests for thirteen years and one year Agyat vas.
In those years, Arjun went to Uttarakhand and he collected divine weapons from deities from heaven. Arjun got divine weapons the Himalayan regions at the Ganges bank (Mahabharata, Vanparva, 40/41).
Pandavas as Pilgrim
Travel in Uttarakhand
Pandavas, Draupadi along with Garhwali family priest and Lomas sage travelled to Uttarakhand as pilgrims and visited Usheerbeej, Mainak, Kalshail near Ganges bank (Mahabharata, Vanparva, 139/1). The Kulind king Subahu welcomed Pandavas (Vanparva, 140/25). Pandvas travelled Badrikashram along the bank of Alaknanda River.
In Himalayan region of Uttarakhand (today’s Chamoli Garhwal) Pandavas met giants and Bhīma killed them. In Uttarkahnd Pandavas also visited Nar Naryan hills, Kailash, too. There is description in Mahbharata met Darad and Tushar communities of Kulind kingdom (Mahabharata, Vanparva 17715).
Duryodhan came there
in Himalayan region to insult Pandavas but was defeated by Himalayan Gandharvas
and Gandharvas caught Duryodhan and jailed. Yudhisthir fought Gandharvas to
free Duryodhan. Duryodhan felt insulted and wanted to kill himself. To sooth
Duryodhan, Karna won the territories of Himwant and Nepal of central Himalayan
region (Mahabharata, Vanparva, 254/5-6).
Great battle of Kurukshetra and Role of Uttarakhandis
Mahabharata is more famous among general public because of Kurukshetra battle (Mahabharata means great battle).
The Kulind king Subahu and his three sons participated in Kurukshetra battle the Mahabharata and Subahu supported Pandvas (Mahabharata, Karna parva, 85/4-19). Pashanyudhi (those use stones as weapon) Mlechh supported Kauravas and fought for Duryodhan (Mahabharata, Dronparva, 121/13-43).
Nagkanya Ulipi was one of wives of Arjun and belonged to Gangadwar (Hardwar, Uttarakhand) and they had son Irwan. Irwan fought the battle with brevity (Mahabharata, Bhishma parva).
Ghatotkachh was the son of Bhīma and Hidmba the mother of Ghatotkachh was a giantess of Garhwal, Uttarakhand. Ghatotkachh fought with great valor in great Kurukshetra battle (Mahabharata Dronaparva).
When Pandavas won the war they decided to celebrate it by Ashwmedh Yagya. Arjun got resources from Uttarakhand (Mahabharat, Ashwmedhikparva 63-65)
Gandhari, Kunti , Dhritirashtra and many went to Gangadwar (Hardwar, Uttarakhand) for paying /libation to dead ones (Mahabharata, Ashramvasik parva 29/32) . Kunti, Dhritrashtra ,Gandhari with Sanjay died by fire in Uttarakhand (Mahabharata, Ashramvasik parva 37).
Pandavas went to Himalayan shrine of Uttarakhand and Yudhishthir entered heaven bodily.
Krishna and Uttarakhand
There is description of lord Krishna visiting Uttarakhand to meet Pandvas in Mahabharata (Vanparva, Dronparva ).
Krishna also visited Kalsi with Pandavas (Mahabharata, Sabhaparava)
Krishna also travelled Uttarakhand for getting blessing to get sons (Mahabharata, Anushasanparva).
The two mountains on Nar, Narayan back side of Badrinath are called incarnation of Arjun and Krishna respectively. (Mahabharata, vanparva).
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 27/4/2013
****Reference for Historical Aspects of Garhwal & Kumaon in Epics-Mahabharata and Ramayana and Purans.
B.D. Pandey, Kumaon ka Itihas, pages 157-179
Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 2, pages 283-319
B.D. Chatopadhyaya , 2003, Studying Early India: Archeology, Texts and Historical Issues
(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)
History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -23
Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…20
Notes on History of Uttarakhand, History of Garhwal, Notes on History of Kumaon, History of Pauri Garhwal, History of Chamoli Garhwal, History of Rudraprayag, History of Tihri Garhwal, History of Uttarkashi, History of Dehradun, History of Haridwar/Hardwar, History of Udham Singh Nagar, History of Nainital, History of Almora, History of Champawat, History of Bageshwar, History of Pithauragarh to be continued….
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Bhishma Kukreti