Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas
Bhishma Kukreti
Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas
Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -156
गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र
Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)
French inventor Alexander Dubain patented Harmonium in 1843. The technology existed around 1780 especially in Churches. Harmonium is a keyboard instrument in which sound is produced by air being forced over a series of reeds. The other names of Harmonium are free reed organ, pipe organ, pump organ or parlor organ.
In end of eighteenth century or early nineteenth century , British brought Harmonium in India and became so famous that it is thought as invented in India and is also thought as if Harmonium was Indian music folk instrument.
It seems British army brought Harmonium in Garhwal. However, Ramleela drama introduction in Garhwal made Harmonium popular in Garhwal in end of nineteenth century or early twentieth century. Harmonium is played in Ramleela or Raman folk drama in Garhwal and in marriage functions too.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 23/5/2014
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music
14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music
15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya
16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya
17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj
18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India
19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas
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Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Harmonium a Foreign Origin Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia
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Bhishma Kukreti