Many women in dating relationships are completely unaware of the high amount of pornography their male partners are using. 1 in 6 married couples report that pornography has been a source of conflict in their marriage. Perhaps the most consistent finding of pornography studies to date is that there is a sizeable gap that exists between men and women when it comes to their personal use and acceptance of pornography.
Also, it appears that many of the couples who have congruent use patterns are those in which both partners refrain from using pornography. As individuals who use pornography enter into couple relationships, the question arises as to whether they view pornography alone or they view it together as a couple.
We found a similar pattern of together versus alone use across relationship types. Specifically, we found that men across relationship types are about three to four times more likely to report viewing pornography always alone (i.e., 100% alone, 0% with partner) compared with women in similar relationships.
Women, on the other hand, were about three to four times more likely to report a pattern of use that was primarily or completely couple-based in viewing pornography together with their partner (i.e., 25% alone, 75% with partner or 0% alone, 100% with partner).
With regard to conflict about pornography, a portion of individuals in all couple commitment types reported that they agreed that pornography had been a source of conflict in their relationship. A notably high amount of casually dating men (44.6%) reported that pornography had been a problem in their relationship. This is striking given that this is the relationship type where women seem to misjudge the amount of high pornography use among their partners. Perhaps dating men sense that the women they are starting to date often disapprove of frequent pornography use and they are worried about it being a problem, even before their partner knows about it. For committed couples, less than 10% of partners in seriously dating relationships reported pornography conflict; whereas between 1 in 8 to nearly 1 in 5 engaged and married partners reported that pornography had created conflict in their relationships.
These findings are particularly noteworthy given that it appears that in early couple formation, many women may have little understanding of how much their male counterparts are viewing pornography. This level of gap also calls into question what behaviors women are referring to when they report whether they find pornography use acceptable. Are they envisioning the infrequent dabbling that is present among their female peers or the habitual use patterns common among the men available in their dating circles? These patterns deserve further investigation.
Partners should openly discuss how pornography use may influence their feelings of trust and attachment with each other. Relationship satisfaction is a result of partners developing a secure attachment with each other, where each partner trusts that the other will be physically, emotionally, and psychologically responsive to his or her needs.
Meaningful dialogue about pornography will require couples to assess the level of pornography use of each partner. This process can be more complex than it appears, however, as a thorough assessment of pornography use will not only include frequency of use (e.g., every day, once a month, never, etc.) but also duration of use (e.g., a few minutes, 3 hours, etc.) and the nature of the content being viewed (e.g., soft-core pornography, hard-core pornography, etc.). It will also involve an assessment of whether pornography is viewed together as a couple or is viewed alone by each partner. This level of detailed discussion is particularly warranted for couples at the early stages of dating to set mutually agreed upon patterns of use and for couples experiencing conflict and distress related to the use of pornography by one or both of the partners.
Perhaps the most significant, yet difficult dynamic to address as a couple is pornography concealment or the degree that partners are open with each other about their frequency, duration, and content of pornography viewing.
While scholars continue to investigate the benefits or harms of pornography use for individuals and couples, it is clear that a significant way that pornography harms relationships is that it often happens in secret. As the current study suggests, many users of pornography typically hide, or at least minimize, their use of pornography from everyone, including their romantic partners. If this pattern develops, there are two critical threats to the relationships. First, when people engage in this type of self-concealment, it not only hurts their relationships and leaves them feeling lonely but also makes them more vulnerable to depression, poor self-esteem, and anxiety. Also, when romantic partners keep secrets from each other, their trust in each other erodes and their confidence in their relationships starts to struggle.
Meagan Tyler does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
It would be truly wonderful to live in the world inhabited solely by proponents of porn. In this apparently post-capitalist world, where sexual freedoms abound, there is no need to worry about violence against women. In this world, pornography is simply the representation of a rainbow of sexual desires and using pornography to masturbate to orgasm constitutes a form of blissful political resistance.
That there is a danger of physical violence for performers should hardly be surprising given the content of modern commercial pornography. Those within the porn industry itself have, for almost a decade, been voicing concerns over the increasingly violent nature of mainstream porn. In Selling Sex Short, for example, I provide a number of insider perspectives from directors and performers worried about the physically and psychologically punishing nature of US-based porn in the early 2000s.
There is also mounting evidence of the broader cultural effects of the proliferation of porn. The School of Advanced International Studies at John Hopkins recently published research which claims pornography can be linked to increases in sex trafficking. Not to mention the growing reports from psychologists and sex therapists about the damaging nature of pornography use in many relationships. And teachers worried about the changing sexual expectations of a generation who have routinely accessed hard-core imagery before even reaching adolescence.
But this final argument is more insidious than flawed logic; it papers over the appalling rates of violence against women in places like Australia. In any given year, in this country, almost half a million women will experience physical or sexual assault by a current or former partner and less than a third will report it. If the assault is sexual, only about one in ten will access support or legal services.
The reality is we live in a culture where violence against women is still a serious problem. Pornography alone does not, in and of itself, create or cause this problem. But the high rates of violence and aggression in porn certainly reflect the problem and, further, often glamourise and eroticise it.
Today we encounter a wide variety of questions related to sexuality and gender. As followers of Christ, we want to navigate LGBT+ questions in a way that is compassionate to people and faithful to scripture.
When I was first exposed to pornography at the age of 13, I thought it was fun. I felt accepted. I felt like someone wanted me. It was an escape from the memories of an abusive childhood and the pressure of an awkward teenage life.
You might not be pursuing a life in the porn industry. You may have never sent your pictures to someone. Pornography might feel like nothing more than a hobby. And yet you may sense it taking your life in a direction you never intended to go.
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It is unloving to their future husbands, and when they are confirming in these women a lifestyle of nudity, it is going to be destructive to the future relationships those women are going to try to have some day.
I think we have lowered the bar too much. We have treated men like dogs in heat rather than men who are created in the image of God and who have the Holy Spirit, whose fruit is love, joy, and self-control. That last one, self-control, is usually used in relation to sexuality. Men are not victims, and these women have a right to expect more from us.
The Victory app delivers an easy-to-use activity feed and alerts if concerning activity is detected. Specially curated courses are also available right from the app to help both you and your ally along your journey.
A 2016 study found that 46% of men seek out porn at least once a month, and 12% of women do as well.1 In other words, if you were to grab 10 random men and 10 random women off the street, chances are good that four of the men and one of the women would use porn at least monthly.
Those stats about sexting hint at a bigger question: what even is porn? Probably most people would agree with the statement that pornography is sexually explicit material designed for the arousal of the viewer, but even there people tend to assume it means explicit videos and images available on the web.
In 2020, Crystal Renaud Day and I conducted a survey of female porn users, asking them about their porn use. It is important to note that this survey was of women who admitted to using porn, and most of them took the survey either via their knowledge of Covenant Eyes or had worked with Day, an expert on female porn recovery. In other words, the survey is non-academic, but the results are still worth consideration.
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