Moving On Is The Nigerian Way

24 views
Skip to first unread message

Moses Ebe Ochonu

unread,
Nov 18, 2019, 4:22:49 PM11/18/19
to USAAfricaDialogue

MOVING ON IS THE NIGERIAN WAY


by Moses E. Ochonu


We Nigerians have continued with our habit of "analyzing" and, through that "analysis," legitimizing electoral brigandage. 


I'm now seeing people on my Facebook timeline "analyzing" why the PDP lost in Bayelsa, how the APC candidate was beloved, how the PDP candidate was imposed, how former president Jonathan surreptitiously backed the APC candidate, etc.


But on Saturday, before INEC pronounced the results and before it became clear that the official count favored the APC, we were all discussing the unprecedented violence, rigging, voter disenfranchisement, the questionable role of security agencies and INEC officials, and the massive manipulation that characterized the election.


That was the predominant narrative of the election on Saturday and part of Sunday. What happened between then and today to change the narrative from the debacle that was widely audio-visually documented to a coyly legitimizing narrative of "the PDP messed up" and "the APC played smart politics"?


In Kogi, we now have "analyses" of how Yahaha Bello was able to "win" despite owing salaries and performing woefully and how the PDP "lost" a winnable election. The premise of these "analyses" pretends that there was a credible election.


But on election day and part of yesterday, the narrative was totally different. The conversation was overwhelmingly about the well-documented violence, thuggery, shootings, ballot-snatching, and the complicity of security and electoral officials.


The conversation was about the N10 billion election slush fund released by Mr. Integrity to Governor Bello on the eve of the election and how that essentially funded the massive vote-buying, ballot-snatching, and intimidation campaigns of Governor Bello.


The conversation on Saturday and part of Sunday was about the fact that in Okene Local Government, Governor Bello is recorded as having scored 112,000 votes (90 percent of registered voters) to the PDP's less than 150!


The footnote to that narrative was how, in one local government in Okunland, Bello inexplicably scored a vote total that nearly equalled the number of accredited voters, and yet somehow INEC still allocated 8,000 votes to the PDP candidate!


On Saturday, the verdict seemed unanimous and unequivocal: the two gubernatorial elections were a complete disaster. On my Premium Times WhatsApp group, the discussion among intellectuals, journalists, and civil society groups in that ecosystem was damning: these were no elections and could not be conferred with any credibility or legitimacy.


In fact, the umbrella body of Nigerian civil society organizations called for the cancellation of the two elections.

Instead of persisting with this clear, substantive narrative of electoral sham and correctly advancing it to underscore the further deterioration of our already broken electoral system, some of us have shockingly, quickly moved on to a narrative that makes the "victories" of the APC in both elections plausible, thereby subtly, if unwittingly, legitimizing what we all described as as gun-backed heists less than 72 hours ago.


This tendency seems to be in our character. We are too quick to move on, and to normalize and thus regularize anomalies and perfidies. There is a pattern and a history to this behavior on our part.


We did it before when, in spite of the internationally condemned theft of the Osun gubernatorial election, we "analyzed" how Adeleke, the PDP candidate, might have "lost" and how Tinubu's cousin, Oyetola, the APC candidate might have "won." In other words, we privileged speculation on the might-have-beens and other counterfactuals of the election over the clear, tangible facts of electoral injustice staring us in the face. Because of this narrative acceptance of the Osun travesty, when the appeals and supreme courts upheld the election's dubious outcome, we yawned and moved on.


We did the same when Gandollar, with the help of security forces and compromised INEC officials, stole the Kano gubernatorial election from Abba, the PDP candidate. Despite the unanimity of our condemnation of the brazen electoral larceny, a few days after the tragic event, a counter-narrative of how Gandollar may have "won" and how Abba may have "lost" began to trickle out, gradually helping to normalize and legitimize the electoral robbery and Gandollar's "re-election."


We also did it in the immediate aftermath of the 2019 presidential election. We moved on quickly from a near-universal commentary on a heavily manipulated election marked by violent disfranchisement, manufactured numbers, and a predetermined outcome that gave Mr. Atiku, the PDP candidate, no chance. We move on to a new, sneaky rhetoric of what Atiku and the PDP did wrong, what was wrong with Atiku, how Atiku was a bad candidate that doomed the PDP, how Buhari's loyal following rained intact in the North, how Buhari, despite his record (or lack of it), found a way to "win," etc.


This narrative, promoted on social media and in the traditional press, helped normalize Buhari's "victory" and Atiku's "loss." It rendered the election's crooked outcome plausible and acceptable. In fact some people were urging Atiku to accept "defeat" and move on, that it was the will of God, that if Nigerians voted for Buhari then he deserved the "victory" and they his presidency. Some of the people who were saying this had a few days earlier declared that Buhari had lost the election soundly and had stolen his way back to power. But now, they were creating room for the plausibility of his "victory."


That is who we are. We move on too quickly from injustice; we're too accepting of cheating and manipulation because we tend to value a stable, predictable, but illegitimate status quo more than we do fighting for a legitimate political/electoral outcome and future. The politicians now know this and are counting on it. 


The message we are sending to the politicians is clear: win the election at all costs, and by any means. Nothing will happen. After two days, people will move on with their lives and recognize your de facto, if not de jure, governorship/presidency.


And, as a bonus, the commentariat, journalists, and some intellectuals will even find specious analytical alibis and plausibilities for your "victory" and your opponent's "loss."


Again, there is a pre-APC, PDP history to this behavior. When the late Umaru Yar'Adua "won" the presidential election in 2007, the manipulations were so rife and so brazen that even he admitted that the election he had just "won" was marred by irregularities. He then promised to clean up Nigeria's electoral process through reforms to the electoral code. 

While Yar'Adua was admitting the illegitimacy of his own victory, however, many compatriots argued that the focus on the electoral irregularities was misplaced, that it obscured the electoral realities of the country at the time, which they claimed favored Yar'Adua and the PDP, and that, with or without rigging, the PDP would have won. Their argument was that, given the PDP's national spread and Buhari/CPC's parochial base, Yar'Adua was poised for victory anyway. 

I remember writing and publishing rejoinders and engaging people who insisted on this logic as a counterpoint to the narrative of electoral crisis. I would always remind them that 1) if Yar'Adua was already coasting to victory as they claimed, the PDP didn't need to rig the election, and 2) given the depth and breadth of the irregularities, we could never determine if he won or if he would have won had the contest been transparent and fair, and, finally, that the manipulations tainted and delegitimized his victory. 

I am not sure I convinced many. I guess that's just we are as a people--blissfully accepting of an illegitimate present we're accustomed to rather than fight for a new, legitimate future.

Ibrahim Abdullah

unread,
Nov 18, 2019, 6:25:54 PM11/18/19
to usaafric...@googlegroups.com
Moving on is not a Nigerian thing. It the opium of an amalgam of desperate forces: from opportunists to charlatans to ne-er do well to organic intellectuals to subalterns and the ever present donor "guarantors". The logic is to get by and don’t rock the boat. It is a disease that afflicts the politics of the belly in our part of the world.

--
Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfric...@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDial...@googlegroups.com
Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
Early archives at http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to usaafricadialo...@googlegroups.com.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/usaafricadialogue/CAAHJfPpPpeLgn2WX8c-WkdqY9Se-Ccfj6M1oCf-bbeARKpkoXg%40mail.gmail.com.

Toyin Falola

unread,
Nov 18, 2019, 6:25:59 PM11/18/19
to usaafric...@googlegroups.com

Moses:

Only a small space is left for positive change; a smaller space for good governance; and no space at all for development.

TF

 

Toyin Falola

Department of History

The University of Texas at Austin

104 Inner Campus Drive

Austin, TX 78712-0220, USA

--

OLAYINKA AGBETUYI

unread,
Nov 18, 2019, 6:26:07 PM11/18/19
to usaafric...@googlegroups.com, USAAfricaDialogue
What I saw on a different newsfeed even before election day with pictures of Johnathans people celebrating in the streets of an impending loss of PDP in Bayelsa. I took a screenshot which I can share with the forum.

In Kogi it was a clear legitimate fight for power with both parties winning and losing LG strong holds.  I also took screenshots of the first 16 LGs declared by INEC.

If anyone has clear evidence of slush funds they should head straight for the courts.

Nigerians should learn to be gallant losers.

Up till now Atiku Abubakar has yet to congratulate his kinsman after he exhausted all opportunities to reject the presidential elections in which he took part.

That is not how to be a statesman.

OAA



Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.


-------- Original message --------
From: Moses Ebe Ochonu <meoc...@gmail.com>
Date: 18/11/2019 21:25 (GMT+00:00)
To: USAAfricaDialogue <USAAfric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Moving On Is The Nigerian Way

Boxbe This message is eligible for Automatic Cleanup! (meoc...@gmail.com) Add cleanup rule | More info

Julius Eto

unread,
Nov 19, 2019, 9:25:26 AM11/19/19
to usaafric...@googlegroups.com
Examine the two stories below (copied). One is an example in/of politics without bitterness while the other is about fanaticism/political madness or barbarism.


Why we visited Jonathan, by APC leaders

Leaders of the All Progressives Congress (APC) said they visited former President Goodluck Jonathan after Saturday’s governorship elections in recognition of his position as the father and leader of the state.
Minister of State for Petroleum, Chief Timipre Sylva, led APC leaders including governor-elect David Lyon, to visit the former president’s home on Monday.
Sylva noted that as a former president and leader of the state, Jonathan deserved to be respected and honoured by all Bayelsa people, irrespective of their party leanings.
“Being a former president of the country and a past governor of the state, Jonathan remains an asset to the state and his inputs will always be needed to advance the course of governance in the Bayelsa.
“As such it was important for us to introduce the governor-elect to him and seek his support and guidance in building a better Bayelsa,” he said.
Responding, Jonathan tasked Lyon to put the welfare and interest of the Bayelsa people above every other issue.
“As a former president of Nigeria, I am a father to all Bayelsans, hence my doors are open to all citizens irrespective of their political affiliations.
“I urge you to make the welfare of Bayelsa people a top priority and carry all of them along irrespective of the party they voted for.
“Elections are over now, so I want you to see yourself as the governor of all and not only to the sections that voted for you. This is the way to move Bayelsa forward,” he stated.
Jonathan also condemned the violence in some parts of the state during the elections, describing it as unfortunate and regrettable.
He said the nation’s democracy would never mature if the violence and irregularities during elections continued.


Thugs on the rampage, burn Kogi PDP Woman Leader alive

Hours after Governor Yahaya Bello of Kogi State was announced winner of the November 16 election, on Monday,
thugs believed to be working for a popular party burnt alive the Woman Leader of Wada/Aro Campaign Council of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in Ochadamu Ward , Mrs. Acheju Abuh.
She was burnt alive in her home.
Chanting solidarity and victory songs, the thugs, according to neighbours, arrived her house around 2:10pm, “surrounded the place, poured petrol all over the house and set it on fire”.
They ensured that the woman never escaped from the house while it was burning.
Some neighbours said they watched in hiding as the thugs set the house on fire.
One of them said: “She tried to escape through a window but was prevented by the burglar proof. The thugs were also shooting in the direction of all the windows and doors so that she would not escape from the fire.
“She was shouting inside but there was nothing we could do as many of us could not go outside to challenge the thugs. We tried calling the police but nobody responded. She was screaming inside until her voice could no longer be heard. When the thugs saw that the house was almost burnt to ashes, they left, shooting”.
Spokesman and Head Communications, Wada/Aro Campaign Council, Faruk Adejoh-Audu, confirmed the killing.
He said it was unfortunate that the woman was killed in a gruesome manner for no reason at all.
He appealed to the Inspector-General of Police (IGP), Mohammed Adamu, to ensure the arrest of the killers.



On Tuesday, November 19, 2019, 12:26:14 AM GMT+1, OLAYINKA AGBETUYI <yagb...@hotmail.com> wrote:


What I saw on a different newsfeed even before election day with pictures of Johnathans people celebrating in the streets of an impending loss of PDP in Bayelsa. I took a screenshot which I can share with the forum.

In Kogi it was a clear legitimate fight for power with both parties winning and losing LG strong holds.  I also took screenshots of the first 16 LGs declared by INEC.

If anyone has clear evidence of slush funds they should head straight for the courts.

Nigerians should learn to be gallant losers.

Up till now Atiku Abubakar has yet to congratulate his kinsman after he exhausted all opportunities to reject the presidential elections in which he took part.

That is not how to be a statesman.

OAA



Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.


-------- Original message --------
From: Moses Ebe Ochonu <meoc...@gmail.com>
Date: 18/11/2019 21:25 (GMT+00:00)
To: USAAfricaDialogue <USAAfric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Moving On Is The Nigerian Way

Boxbe This message is eligible for Automatic Cleanup! (meoc...@gmail.com)Add cleanup rule | More info

OLAYINKA AGBETUYI

unread,
Nov 19, 2019, 3:21:25 PM11/19/19
to usaafric...@googlegroups.com
Governor Yahyah Bello must be told he is starting his second term on a tainted note and must assume personal responsibility for bringing the murderers of this blameless woman  martyred on the altar of Nigerian gruesome politics to justice.  The assailants could not have come from any other party than the ruling
 state party:  the APC.

The PDP must make immediate representations to the governor and Alhaji Atiku Abubakar must make immediate representations to President Buhari at the national level and pledge to work with the President before both retire from the stage come 2023 to rid the political landscape of gratuitous violence.  They both jointly owe Nigeria this legacy of outstanding statesmanship.  Both should learn from President Johnathan's graciousness in defeat as the only national leader in the current dispensation to congratulate his victor in defeat.   

The assailants need to be brought to  swift justice to serve as deterrent in future elections.

Bayelsans must be commended for the dignity with which winners and losers embraced each other.  They have demonstrated Nigeria's politics of the future and kogites need to borrow a leaf from them.  Politics can not continue to be a do or die affair!

OAA





Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.


-------- Original message --------
From: 'Julius Eto' via USA Africa Dialogue Series <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Date: 19/11/2019 14:37 (GMT+00:00)
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Moving On Is The Nigerian Way

Boxbe This message is eligible for Automatic Cleanup! (usaafric...@googlegroups.com) Add cleanup rule | More info
What I saw on a different newsfeed even before election day with pictures of Johnathans people celebrating in the streets of an impending loss of PDP in Bayelsa. I took a screenshot which I can share with the forum.

In Kogi it was a clear legitimate fight for power with both parties winning and losing LG strong holds.  I also took screenshots of the first 16 LGs declared by INEC.

If anyone has clear evidence of slush funds they should head straight for the courts.

Nigerians should learn to be gallant losers.

Up till now Atiku Abubakar has yet to congratulate his kinsman after he exhausted all opportunities to reject the presidential elections in which he took part.

That is not how to be a statesman.

OAA



Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.


-------- Original message --------
From: Moses Ebe Ochonu <meoc...@gmail.com>
Date: 18/11/2019 21:25 (GMT+00:00)
To: USAAfricaDialogue <USAAfric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Moving On Is The Nigerian Way

Boxbe This message is eligible for Automatic Cleanup! (meoc...@gmail.com)Add cleanup rule | More info

--
Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfric...@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDial...@googlegroups.com
Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
Early archives at http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to usaafricadialo...@googlegroups.com.

Julius Eto

unread,
Nov 19, 2019, 3:22:15 PM11/19/19
to usaafric...@googlegroups.com

Condemning the incident, Kogi Governor Yahaya Bello’s Spokesman, Kingsley Fanwo, expressed disappointment over the “mindless attacks by rival parties in Ochadamu”, saying anyone who breaks the law will be punished regardless of party affiliations.

The spokesman made this known while reacting to the “disturbing attacks and clashes in Ofu LGA”.

He said, “We feel disturbed at reports of violence in Ochadamu that has led to loss of lives and property in the community.

“It was reported that a supporter of the All Progressives Congress was stabbed to death while party members were jubilating over the outcome of the Governorship election.

"The reprisal attack by alleged APC members which led to the death of an innocent woman is criminal and condemnable. Our government would not shield party members who break the laws of the land.

“His Excellency, Governor Yahaya Bello has directed security agents to quell the rising tension and also ensure that perpetrators of the murder and arson are brought to book" he said.



Oluwatoyin Vincent Adepoju

unread,
Nov 19, 2019, 3:22:29 PM11/19/19
to usaafricadialogue

Horror of horrors

'Thugs on the rampage, burn Kogi PDP Woman Leader alive'

To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/usaafricadialogue/749147028.1524875.1574172572165%40mail.yahoo.com.

Julius Eto

unread,
Nov 19, 2019, 4:13:00 PM11/19/19
to usaafric...@googlegroups.com
Ochonu and OAA,thanks for your patriotic analyses.
More of this needed to save Nigeria.

Omokioja J.K.Eto


On Tuesday, November 19, 2019, 9:21:30 PM GMT+1, OLAYINKA AGBETUYI <yagb...@hotmail.com> wrote:


Governor Yahyah Bello must be told he is starting his second term on a tainted note and must assume personal responsibility for bringing the murderers of this blameless woman  martyred on the altar of Nigerian gruesome politics to justice.  The assailants could not have come from any other party than the ruling
 state party:  the APC.

The PDP must make immediate representations to the governor and Alhaji Atiku Abubakar must make immediate representations to President Buhari at the national level and pledge to work with the President before both retire from the stage come 2023 to rid the political landscape of gratuitous violence.  They both jointly owe Nigeria this legacy of outstanding statesmanship.  Both should learn from President Johnathan's graciousness in defeat as the only national leader in the current dispensation to congratulate his victor in defeat.   

The assailants need to be brought to  swift justice to serve as deterrent in future elections.

Bayelsans must be commended for the dignity with which winners and losers embraced each other.  They have demonstrated Nigeria's politics of the future and kogites need to borrow a leaf from them.  Politics can not continue to be a do or die affair!

OAA





Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.


-------- Original message --------
From: 'Julius Eto' via USA Africa Dialogue Series <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Date: 19/11/2019 14:37 (GMT+00:00)
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Moving On Is The Nigerian Way

Boxbe This message is eligible for Automatic Cleanup! (usaafric...@googlegroups.com)Add cleanup rule | More info

--
Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfric...@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDial...@googlegroups.com
Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
Early archives at http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email tousaafricadialo...@googlegroups.com.

--
Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfric...@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDial...@googlegroups.com
Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
Early archives at http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to usaafricadialo...@googlegroups.com.

Moses Ebe Ochonu

unread,
Nov 19, 2019, 9:56:32 PM11/19/19
to USAAfricaDialogue
Oga Falola,

This, below, is Osun Governor, Oyetola, the beneficiary of one of the electoral heists I referenced, commissioning some pots and pans. You're right; development is out of the window.


Oyetola-Commissioning.jpg

To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/usaafricadialogue/CB6AB313-FA8E-4140-AEE4-8F4BB0FA707B%40austin.utexas.edu.

Okechukwu Ukaga

unread,
Nov 20, 2019, 6:03:16 PM11/20/19
to usaafric...@googlegroups.com
The needles murder of this woman illustrates the depth of lawlessness cum impunity that has overtaken our dear country as more and more criminals have taken over positions of "rulership" (not leadership) by capturing power through dubious means with neither the desire nor the ability to govern appropriately/effectively. And there is realistically no hope for improvement as like begets like and the people are not allowed to freely elect better candidates. I hope the country is not doomed forever! Sadly, nothing would happen to the perpetrators of this gruesome murder since they most likely work for the powers that be. Who will bell the cat? 

On Nov 19, 2019 2:21 PM, "OLAYINKA AGBETUYI" <yagb...@hotmail.com> wrote:
Governor Yahyah Bello must be told he is starting his second term on a tainted note and must assume personal responsibility for bringing the murderers of this blameless woman  martyred on the altar of Nigerian gruesome politics to justice.  The assailants could not have come from any other party than the ruling
 state party:  the APC.

The PDP must make immediate representations to the governor and Alhaji Atiku Abubakar must make immediate representations to President Buhari at the national level and pledge to work with the President before both retire from the stage come 2023 to rid the political landscape of gratuitous violence.  They both jointly owe Nigeria this legacy of outstanding statesmanship.  Both should learn from President Johnathan's graciousness in defeat as the only national leader in the current dispensation to congratulate his victor in defeat.   

The assailants need to be brought to  swift justice to serve as deterrent in future elections.

Bayelsans must be commended for the dignity with which winners and losers embraced each other.  They have demonstrated Nigeria's politics of the future and kogites need to borrow a leaf from them.  Politics can not continue to be a do or die affair!

OAA





Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.


-------- Original message --------
From: 'Julius Eto' via USA Africa Dialogue Series <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Date: 19/11/2019 14:37 (GMT+00:00)
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Moving On Is The Nigerian Way

Boxbe This message is eligible for Automatic Cleanup! (usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com) Add cleanup rule | More info
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com

Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
Early archives at http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email tousaafricadialogue+unsub...@googlegroups.com.

--
Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
Early archives at http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to usaafricadialogue+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.

--
Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
Early archives at http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to usaafricadialogue+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.

--
Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
Early archives at http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
---
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to usaafricadialogue+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/usaafricadialogue/VI1PR04MB449391DCB043A67991EB4B1CA64C0%40VI1PR04MB4493.eurprd04.prod.outlook.com.
Reply all
Reply to author
Forward
0 new messages