Chinweizu on Libya and Pan-Africanism
Moses Ebe Ochonu
I am not sure that this post (below) by Abdul Salau made it onto the list, so I am reposting it. I don't always agree with
Chinweizu's insular, puritanical racial Afrocentrism but I agree with his characterization of the current pan-African obsession with Ghaddafi as an African icon deserving of African support and sympathy in his face-off with NATO. It's vintage Chinweizu and is a little harsh. However, those who insist on venerating and projecting Ghadaffi as a symbol of Afro-Arab solidarity and pan-Africanism in spite of all the evidence of his racist Arab condescension and the indifference of his regime to the perennial violence against African immigrants (not to mention his indifference to other theaters of racist subjugation of black Africans) deserve Chinweizu's harsh critique. I understand the position of those who offer Ghadaffi sympathy only on account of their opposition to imperialism in ALL circumstances. I don't agree with it, but I respect it because such a position leaves room to acknowledge the racial hypocrisy of Ghadaffi and Arabs and the inherited/learned racism and sense of superiority that mark their attitude to those of us from the other side of the Sahara.
For those Africans like Nwalimu Abdul Bangura who still see Ghadaffi's as a deracinated Afro-Arab statesman, use this erroneous claim to argue that he deserves the sympathy of Africans, or/and want proof of his offensive racism towards Africans, see this revealing Newsweek interview with
his Ukranian nurse: http://www.newsweek.com/2011/04/10/my-years-as-gaddafi-s-nurse.html.
See the following excerpts:
"The job of the nurses was to see that our employer stayed in great shape—in fact, he had the heart rate and blood pressure of a much younger man. We insisted that he wear gloves on visits to Chad and Mali to protect him against tropical diseases."
"When we drove around poor African countries he would fling money and candy out the widow of his armored limousine to children who ran after our motorcade; he didn’t want them close for fear of catching diseases from them. He never slept in a tent, though! That’s just a myth."
Chinwezu on el-Qaddafi: Letter to Jerry Johnson and David Comissiong by Chinweizu
Hello Jerry,
Wonders will never cease! As the Ancient Romans said: “Out of Africa always something new!” Here are some very confused Africans and Afro-descendants who talk as if they are Arab-descendants and have a duty to defend the Arab lands. They have issued a call for people to join them on what they call a “Freedom Ride to Africa (Libya)!” They intend to go to Libya to defend their Arab patron, Gadafi, from attack by Europeans! They want to bring freedom to the Libyan Arab colonialists who are white settlers on land conquered from Africans. Yet we have never heard these 'Pan-Africanists' talk of going to Darfur orMauritania to bring freedom to their fellow Africans--freedom from vicious Arab colonialists, land-grabbers and enslavers.
These A-APRP ‘revolutionaries’ are echoing Stokely Carmichael, their founder who, just before he died in 1998, declared: "Hell Yes, We are going to Libya!". They are reviving his death-bed mission. I hope they do actually go and get wiped out by NATO cruise missiles or Arab racists, [Gadafi's troops will gladly use them as human shields, and the anti-Gadafi rebels will call them mercenaries and happily lynch them]. These confused Niggers can't keep themselves emotionally out of a war between Arabs and Europeans-- the two white racist and colonialist oppressors of the black race. It is said that fools rush in where angels fear to tread. Even great powers like Russia and China have wisely chosen to be spectators watching this unfolding phase of the 14-centuries-old war between Arab Jihadists and Western European Crusaders. Yet these utterly impotent niggers want to go and bodily intervene.
I wish the entire membership of the A-APRP a jolly “Freedom Ride” to Libya. And I urge them to take along with them all those Blacks who believe in Afro-Arab Continentalist Pan-Africanism, including every pro-Arab Nigger Tom, every pro-Arab Traitor-at-the-top, and every black facilitator of Arab colonialist expansionism in Africa, and including especially Thabo Mbeki, Olusegun Obasanjo, Abdou Diouf, Abdoulaye Wade, Oumar Konare, Jean Ping and his gang of AU Commissioners, Dudley Thompson as well as Maulana Karenga, David Comissiong, Cynthia McKinney and the official “AU Intellectuals.” Good and speedy riddance to that whole lot; to all those who condone Arab racism and colonialism, or aid and abet the anti-African interests of the Arabs. Let these wannabe-Arabs depart with one-way tickets to Tripoli and Benghazi where they can happily resettle among their beloved Arabs; and may the Black race be forever freed of their accursed misleadership.
In the service of the African/Black race,
Chinweizu
Dear David Comissiong
You have posed several important questions.
1] “Am I to understand that one is not entitled to denounce a criminal, terroristic assault on Libya because the phenomenon of Arab racism towards Blacks exists?”
2] “What really is the game that is being played here?”
3] “What is the real purpose behind this dishonest and diversionary debate?”
4] “Whose interests is it serving?”
I will gladly answer them even though you have arrogantly refused to answer my questions.
My reply:
1] One is entitled to denounce whatever one feels like denouncing. You have exercised your right. But likewise, others are entitled to take issue with and denounce your double standard in not denouncing the terroristic assaults by Arabs on Black Africans in Sudan and Mauritania, assaults that have been going on for the last 50 years.
2] This is not a game. It is a serious and long overdue exposure of the anti-Black African consequences of Afro-Arab Continentalist Pan-Africanism.
3] Is this a diversionary debate? Diversionary from what? This is not a diversionary debate. It is a debate about one of the monumental failings of Pan-Africanism since 1958: the refusal to include among the concerns of Pan-Africanism the victims of Arab enslavement and colonialism.
Is the debate dishonest? I don’t think so. What is dishonest is a dogged and willful refusal to address the issues of 50 years of Arabophilia and its damaging consequences for millions of black Africans.
4] You seem not to know whose interest is being served by this debate. Well, let me give you a clue. There are two interests being served by this debate. First of all, it is serving the interests of the millions of Black African victims of Arab racism and enslavement in Sub-Sahara Africa and the eastern diaspora. It is drawing attention to their harrowing plight and drawing attention to the responsibility of Pan-Africanists everywhere to include them among the beneficiaries of their campaigns against racism, colonialism and enslavement.
The second interest is that of democracy within the Pan-African Movement itself. As Pan-Africanists, we have a duty to criticize and judge the organizations that purport to be Pan-Africanist. As followers, we can’t abdicate our duty to supervise the organizations that speak and act allegedly on our behalf. Followers are entitled to express concern when their leaders leave undone those things which they ought to have done, and do those things which they ought not to have done. Accordingly, this debate serves the interest of popular democracy and responsible leadership within the Pan-African Movement.
5] You conclude by saying: “The clear duty of Pan- Africanists is to come to the defense of Africa.” The pertinent questions that I am raising are, firstly: which Africa is Pan-Africanism about? The Africa of the African race or the Africa of the Arab enemies of the African race? Secondly, the defense of Africa from what? Exclusively from attacks from the Western imperialists, or from attacks from any quarter whatsoever? These are the fundamental issues being aired in this debate. So let’s address them.
May I draw your attention to the agenda of Pan-Africanism as set forth by its founders back in 1897, the year Pan-Africanism formally began. In June of that year, a London-based Trinidadian lawyer, Henry Sylvester-Williams, organized the first ever Pan-African Association. Its constitutional mandate was to enable Africans and their global descendants, to achieve
"their true civil and political rights, to ameliorate the condition of our oppressed brethren in the continents of Africa, America, and other parts of the world, [emphasis added] by promoting efforts to secure effective legislation, to encourage our people in educational, industrial and commercial enterprises, to foster friendly relations between the Caucasian and African races, to organize a bureau, a depository, for collections of authorized writings and statistics relating to our people everywhere, and to raise a fund to be used solely for forwarding these purposes."
--quoted in Prah, The African Nation, Cape Town: CASAS, 2006, p.10
Please note that the commitment is to people of the African race, wherever found, whether in Africa, America or other parts of the world. It was a racial movement not a landmass movement. Why not a continental landmass movement? Obviously, it was not the continental landmass that was captured and transported for enslavement across the Atlantic Ocean, the Sahara desert or the Indian Ocean. It was the black people of Sub-Sahara Africa, those called Negroes by their European enslavers, and called the Zanj by their Arab enslavers. Pan-Africanism was chartered as a movement of the African race; its Africa is that part of Africa from where the Negroes enslaved by the Arabs and Europeans had been taken, i.e. Negro-Africa or Sub-Sahara Africa, and not the whole continent. Accordingly any continental landmass Pan-Africanism is fraudulent, especially when it goes out of its way to concern itself with the plight of the Arab enslavers of our people and expropriators of our land. It is not the business of Pan-Africanism to concern itself with the plight of European settlers in any part of the African continent. It is likewise not the business of Pan-Africanism to concern itself with the plight of Arab settlers in any part of the African continent. We should never forget that these Arab settlers invaded Africa from their homeland in the Arabian Peninsula.
Since Pan-Africanism came into being to ameliorate the conditions of the African race, it has to ameliorate the conditions imposed by all the alien peoples who have debased or attacked the African race. It cannot therefore limit itself exclusively to those conditions that were imposed by the Western imperialists. It cannot then, in good conscience, turn its back on or refuse to take up the cause of those under enslavement and colonialism by Arabs. If the Chinese were to attack the African race, Pan-Africanism, by its founding charter, is duty bound to do something about that; if Martians were to attack the African race, Pan-Africanism is duty bound to do something about that too.
For Pan-Africanism to merit the “pan” in its name, it must address the plight of all sections of its legitimate constituency: the African or black race; and it must do so without being partial and without ignoring some sources of the plight. Any Pan-Africanism that limits its concerns to the plight of the western diaspora, is parochial; any that ignores the plight of the eastern diaspora is truncated. Any that ignores the Arab enslavement and colonialist cruelty to millions of Black Africans on the homeland is also truncated and unfit to be called Pan-Africanism. And, I dare say, any Pan-Africanism that is guilty of all three deficiencies is colluding with the Arabs in their terroristic assault on millions of Black Africans in the homeland and the lands of the eastern diaspora, and is therefore a fraud. The horrible consequences of these 50 years of double standards demand that these parochialisms and truncations be criticized and rectified.
The movement, by this present debate, is finally beginning to do its duty of self-criticism. Those who opt out of this cleansing process, thereby opt out of Pan-Africanism.
In short, David, you cannot ignore the fact that we have two white enemies—the Arabs and the Europeans. You cannot be blind to the crimes of our Arab enemy and focus exclusively on the crimes committed by Western imperialism.
We must tackle head on the issue of double standards even in the matter of crimes committed by Western imperialism. You say that Libya and Cote d’Ivoire are the current frontlines of imperialist attack. Good point. We have seen what the PEP urged CARICOM and AU governments to do about Libya. But what has the PEP, thus far, urged the CARICOM and the AU leaders to do about Cote d’Ivoire? We should note that the Libyan crisis began in February 2011. On March 17, the UN Security Council voted for the no-fly zone over Libya, triggering the NATO attack on Libya. On March 30, i.e. within two weeks, the PEP and the Pan African Movement of Barbados issued their statement urging the CARICOM and AU governments to make a stand against Western cruelty to the Libyan people. But the Cote d’Ivoire crisis began two months earlier in December 2010. What statement has the PEP put out, thus far, calling on the CARICOM and AU countries to stand up against the Western crimes in, and cruelty to the people of, Cote d’Ivoire? I, for one would like to see such a document. If they do not re-circulate it on this listserve, they will, by that failure, convict themselves of neglecting the Western cruelty to Black Africans in their unjustified pre-occupation with the Western cruelty to Arabs.
Besides, one would like to see evidence of what the PEP asked CARICOM and AU governments to do when the West attacked Somalia in the early 1990s, or when the West attempted regime change in Zimbabwe a few years ago. They may indeed have done something, but how many of us have heard of it? Only when we do hear of what the PEP did can we believe its implicit claim that it is concerned with Western cruelty to all the peoples on the African continent, and not just the cruelty to Arabs. But regardless of whatever stance the PEP has publicly taken against Western imperialism, what has it done against Arab colonialism specifically? That sin of omission is the issue. The PEP members probably think the issue will go away if they do not address it . But we must do our duty and hold all Pan-African organizations, including the PEP and the AU, answerable for their actions and inactions. That is our democratic duty.
We must seriously ask: Why should Pan-Africanism confine its attention exclusively to the crimes committed on the African race by Western imperialism? What is the motive for such silence on the crimes of the Arabs? Whose interest does it serve? I argue that it serves the anti-African interest of the Arab criminals. Let me point out how it has done that. Since 1958, that silence has given the Arabs a free hand to harm the peoples of the African race in Sudan, Mauritania and the lands of the eastern diaspora. It has prevented us from defending the sections of our race that Arabs have attacked. This criminal complicity by Continentalist Afro-Arab ‘Pan-Africanism’ deserves to be exposed and attacked. We have, since the 7th century AD, been under assault by two criminal peoples, those of Europe and those of Arabia. However, the PEP and the AU and their fellow Continentalists hide the issue of Arab crimes against the African race. But they do not say why they do so. It is our duty to insist that they come clean and explain their double standard and their motives, if they are not to be viewed as the pro-Arab part of what Garvey called the traitors-at-the-top.
Some may think that Libya is a stepping stone to a NATO assault on Zimbabwe. It is not. The NATO criminals attempted regime change in Zimbabwe before, without first attacking Libya. And we can rest assured that Zimbabwe remains on their hit list, and will be attacked whenever the devils find it convenient. Imperialism never forgives or forgets those who defeat or defy it. Would our supporting Libya help deter a renewed assault on Zimbabwe? Not bloody likely. So the two issues should not be linked. We should therefore start now doing whatever we judge necessary to support Zimbabwe and not waste our energies on Libya.
Of course, I understand some people’s concern to show international solidarity with all other oppressed peoples. Fair enough. But solidarity and sympathy, like charity should begin with one's own people. When it does not, something is deeply wrong. As Marcus Garvey taught us:
“Bestow charity upon your race first. Every Negro helped from the ground to stand up, is another man set on the road to racial responsibility. . . . Every Negro’s interest must come first in all the things of humanity. Not until you have served every Negro in the world should you seek to be kind to others. Charity begins at home.”
--Marcus Garvey, Message to the People (1937) Dover, Mass.: The Majority Press, 1986. pp. 148, 27. Available from www.tonymartin.net.tt or www.themajoritypress.com
I don’t suppose the PEP lot would agree with Garvey on that, since they are addicted to showing solidarity preferentially with non-Blacks. But it is for the Black race to judge them for racial disloyalty in not putting the black race first.
And furthermore, as Malcolm X taught:
"I believe in the brotherhood of man, all men, but I don't believe in brotherhood with anybody who doesn't want brotherhood with me. I believe in treating people right, but I'm not going to waste my time trying to treat somebody right who doesn't know how to return the treatment."
As the historical record shows, for 14 centuries the Arabs have not been treating our people right. Why should you want to show brotherhood to them, whether in Libya or anywhere else? Why do some of us refuse to get these Arab “brothers” of theirs to show brotherhood to Black Africans as a pre-condition for our showing brotherhood to them? Why do you want brotherhood with Arabs who don’t want brotherhood with your people?
Finally, David, I urge you to take a detached and clarifying review of your stand on these matters. Some criminal is burning the house of your brother; then some other criminal sets fire to the house of the criminal who set fire to your brother’s house--- and all you can think of is to rush to put out the fire in the house of the criminal who burnt your brother’s house. Is that brotherly behavior on your part?
That is at the root of what this debate is about.
In service to the African/black race,
Chinweizu
--
There is enough in the world for everyone's need but not for everyone's greed.
---Mohandas Gandhi
Pius Adesanmi
From: Moses Ebe Ochonu <meoc...@gmail.com>
To: USAAfricaDialogue <USAAfric...@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, 26 July 2011, 18:35
Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Chinweizu on Libya and Pan-Africanism
You received this message because you are subscribed to the "USA-Africa Dialogue Series" moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin.
For current archives, visit http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
For previous archives, visit http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfric...@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue-
unsub...@googlegroups.com
Abdul Bangura
Cornelius Hamelberg
Africa, AFRIKAANS:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Afrikaans&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&client=firefox-a&rlz=1R1GGLL_sv___SE398
On Jul 27, 5:29 am, Pius Adesanmi <piusadesa...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> "For those Africans like Nwalimu Abdul Bangura..."
>
> Moses, Moses, Moses:
>
> You must tender an apology to monsieur Bangura for the great injury you have done to his spelling bee pan-Africanism. Please note that monsieur Bangura and his buddy, Gaddafi, are Afrikans, not Africans.
>
> Pius
>
>
>
> ________________________________
>
> read more »
Chambi Chachage
From: Abdul Bangura <th...@earthlink.net>
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com; "usaafric...@googlegroups.com" <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, July 27, 2011 8:17 AM
Abdul Bangura
Moses Ebe Ochonu
Moses Ebe Ochonu
--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the "USA-Africa Dialogue Series" moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin.
For current archives, visit http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
For previous archives, visit http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfric...@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue-
unsub...@googlegroups.com
Pius Adesanmi
From: Abdul Bangura <th...@earthlink.net>
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com; "usaafric...@googlegroups.com" <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Anunoby, Ogugua
Africans, more than any other member group of the human race, are the least aware of who they are, what has happened to them, and who their true friends are. They are the least aware of their common destiny.
It is said that if you do not know who you are, you are not likely to know where you have been and indeed where you are going. The Igbo of Nigeria say that if you do not know when you got in the rain, you are not likely to know when you got out of it. It is little surprise that the African race is the most colonized, enslaved, and dominated by other races and their economics, politics, and religion.
Many Africans are oblivious of the history and its lessons. The more history one knows, the wiser the one is, the less confused and deluded the one is, and the better the choices that the one is more likely to makes. International relations must not be practiced without regard to historical experience.
Chinweizu is bang on the money. He is an informed student of history. His opinion should be taken seriously.
oa
Ibrahim Abdullah
Cornelius Hamelberg
All tracks do not lead to K.
Some tracks lead back to the tail, like a ring swallowing itself.
To jail or to the tail.... always in jail...says Umar Bin Hassan......
Spell it KKK and we know what you mean;CCC just won't do, not even
when translated into the mighty jumbo of Mwalimu Bangura's
hieroglyphics as he presently understands it.
In the age of Gary Snyder and Stephen Gaskin, the late counter-culture
sixties and early seventies (and I speak from experience and a deep
literary and musical acquaintance with that period) some extreme
dissenters and anti-Vietnam protagonists of protest such as the
activist poet Tuli Kupferberg, spelled America with a K when they
intended ( G-d forbid) to indicate a fascist America, which in my
opinion does not exist, has never existed will not exist, should not
exist. The Founding Fathers & the ideological foundations of United
States holding these truths to be true ( “We hold these truths to be
self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed” etc) - so the spelling of
America will simply have to continue with C – even if you are a
German or Swedish language speaker like me, following Swedish
orthography which spells A-free-ca, thus : Afri-k-a.
No need to get sidetracked down the primrose path of phonemic
differences leading to nowhere, just a lot of big air posed by English
speaking Mwalimu Bangura's orthography which in turn is based on a
less than universal continental language. (By the way, more than
twenty years ago Wole Soyinka suggested that a singular continental
language for all Africa could be Swahili, should we ever be intent on
getting to that stage of using a more indigenous language that links
the North to the South: I suppose his choice of Swahili over his
native Yoruba must be based on a consideration that Swahili contains
so many Arabic loanwords (which perhaps could facilitate docile Arabs'
easy mastery of that language?
Brother Ochonu,
“ To err is human, to forgive is unthinkable” (Yiddish Proverb)
True: As Chinweizu says,
“.... Yet we have never heard these 'Pan-Africanists' talk of going
to
Darfur or Mauritania to bring freedom to their fellow Africans--
freedom from
vicious Arab colonialists, land-grabbers and enslavers.”
Could Chinweizu be a re-incarnation of Marcus Garvey? Same kind of
spirit.
http://www.africawithin.com/garvey/garvey_poetry.htm
Chinweizu ratchets up many race/ racial issues in the last sixteen
paragraphs of his epistle to Dear David Comissiong, beginning with the
paragraph “May I draw your attention to the agenda of Pan-Africanism
the African/black race.”
http://www.ishmaelreedpub.com/spring2011/letter/jerry.html
You have partly stated your reaction to Chinweizu who in my opinion
is treading a dangerous path that adumbrates a supposed irreconcilable
racial divide on the landmass of Africa - between a predominately
Islamized Berber-Arab North Africa and the thousands of tribes Africa
South of the Sahara – a divide that is contrary to the spirit of
African Unity, the AU and even the idea of mankind being one family.
“Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,
Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God's great Judgment Seat;
But there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth,
When two strong men stand face to face,
tho' they come from the ends of the earth! “
Chinweizu would have us believe that North is North and South is
South
The Arabs are the Arabs and the Africans are the Africans
and never the twain shall meet,
Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God's great Judgment Seat....
I have interacted with Arabs the last twenty-five years and never had
any problems racial or otherwise with any Arab, during that period;
on the contrary – up till this day, only friendship, not fiend-ship.
My optimism is based on the Prophet of Islam's last sermon in which he
said ( in broad daylight – and on another occasion when he raised
Ali's hand his followers could see the whiteness of his armpits)...
From the last Khutbah:
“All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a
non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab; white
has no superiority over black, nor does a black have any superiority
over white; [none have superiority over another] except by piety and
good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and
that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be
legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was
given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to
yourselves.
Remember, one day you will appear before God and answer for your
deeds.”
http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/523/
It is an ideal towards which achievement the Ummah is in rapid
transition, even as the Arab Spring progresses.
Secondly, most of the spoken and printed words of Edward Wilmot
Blyden would tend to disagree with Chinweizu's harsh, potently
racial (some would say racist) polemic in that letter to his dear
David Comissiong.
We've come a long way since the Berlin Conference of 1884-85.
Looking back, in connection with the genesis of Pan-Africanism, this
interesting slice of history from Hollis R. Lynch's “ Edward Wilmot
Blyden - Pan Negro Patriot”:
Pages 6 – 7 :
“ In order to view his life and work in perspective, it is pertinent
briefly to take note of his pan-Negro predecessors, and the ideas
which influenced them. For, even before Blyden, other New World Negro
leaders had devised or supposed plans which they hoped would bring
dignity and respect to their race. Because the lot of the Negro in the
U.S.A. had been the worst, it was from among them and West Indian
Negroes who had experienced American discrimination that pan- Negro
nationalism emanated.. IN the first three decades of the nineteenth
century four outstanding leaders - Paul Cuffee, Daniel Coker, Lott
Cary and Jamaican-born John B. Russwurm - advocated the emigration
of free American Negroes to Africa., held visions of progressive
nations rising on that continent , and all but Cuffee played prominent
roles in the early history of Liberia.
The vision of a regenerated Africa originated in the late eighteenth
century with the influential British evangelical and humanitarian
movement which directed its energies against slavery and the slave
trade and towards the “ civilisation” of Africa through Christianity
and commerce. The founding of Sierra Leone in 1787 was the practical
manifestation in Africa of this influence. Its founders
optimistically regarded Sierra Leone as a centre from which
Christianity and commerce would radiate in Africa primarily through
the agency of westernised Negroes. To the first colonists among whom
were 377 Negroes from Britain, were added 1,131 Negro emigrants from
Nova Scotia
in 1792. and 500 Maroons from Jamaica in 1800. In 1804, the Church
Missionary Society began work in the colony. In 1807 the British
government outlawed the slave trade and on 1 January 1808 , assumed
from the Sierra Leone company the direct control of the colony for
use as the centre for the suppression of the slave trade in West
Africa, as well as for settling the civilising liberated Africans. By
this time Sierra Leone had a population of nearly 2,000 westernised
Negroes and had become a logical focus for further New World
emigration.”
And by the way, I think that we could be paying more attention to
some of Professor Toyin Falola's works which cover some of the topics
that we have been discussing in this Forum:
http://www.allbookstores.com/Toyin-Falola/author
Quoting him - relevantly, should not be regarded as acts of
sycophancy....
On Jul 27, 2:19 pm, Moses Ebe Ochonu <meoch...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Yes, Cornelius, we are AfriKans, not Afrikaners. And we do not speak
> Afrikaans. One day we will rediscover and speak the ancient universal
> language of mother AfriKa, worship Osiri and build more pyramids and great
> Zimbabwes. And Africa, sorry, Afrika, shall be redeemed. And once we get the
> spelling right, all of our problems as Africans will evaporate. This is the
> supreme task before all pan-Africanists (or pan-AfriKanists); spell the name
> correctly with a "K". Seek ye first semantic purity and all other things
> shall be added unto you.
>
> On Wed, Jul 27, 2011 at 7:32 AM, Cornelius Hamelberg <
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> corneliushamelb...@gmail.com> wrote:
> > Afrikans, not to be confused with what the Boers speak in Southern
> > Africa, AFRIKAANS:
>
>
> read more »