Awake , funeral reception[1] or visitation is a social gathering associated with death, held before a funeral. Traditionally, a wake involves family and friends keeping watch over the body of the dead person, usually in the home of the deceased. Some wakes are held at a funeral home or another convenient location. The wake or the viewing of the body is a part of death rituals in many cultures. It allows one last interaction with the dead, providing a time for the living to express their thoughts and feelings with the deceased.[2] It highlights the idea that the loss is borne by the whole community and is a way of honoring the deceased member.[3] The emotional tone of a wake is sometimes seen as more positive than a funeral due to the socially supportive atmosphere and the focus on the life rather than the death of the deceased.[4]
The term originally referred to a late-night prayer vigil but is now mostly used for the social interactions accompanying a funeral. While the modern usage of the verb wake is "become or stay alert", a wake for the dead harks back to the vigil, "watch" or "guard" of earlier times. It is a misconception that people at a wake are waiting in case the deceased should "wake up".[5]
The term wake was originally used to denote a prayer vigil, often an annual event held on the feast day of the saint to whom a parish church was dedicated.[6] Over time the association with prayer has become less important, although not lost completely,[7] and in many countries a wake is now mostly associated with the social interactions accompanying a funeral.[5]
The wake (Irish: trramh, faire) is a key part of the death customs of Ireland; it is an important phase in the separation of the dead from the world of the living and transition to the world of the dead.[8] Typically lasting one or two days, it is a continuous watch kept over the dead by family and friends, usually in their own home, before burial.[8] Shane McCorristine writes that the original purposes of an Irish wake were to honour the dead, to celebrate their life, to ensure that death had really occurred, to guard the body from evil, and to placate their soul.[9]
Shortly after death, the body is usually prepared and placed in a coffin at a funeral home, then brought to the dead person's home for the wake, which is now referred to as the 'wake house'. Historically, the body was usually washed, groomed and clothed in a white shroud at their own home by local wise women.[8] Traditionally, windows of a wake house are left open to let the soul leave the room, mirrors are covered or turned around, clocks are stopped, and household pets are kept out for the duration of the wake.[8] It is also customary for candles to be kept lit.[9]
Relatives and friends are expected to visit to pay respects to the dead and to their family, who in turn provide hospitality.[8] At intervals, a collective prayer might be said; for Catholics usually the Rosary.[8] Traditionally there is food and drink, as well as storytelling, music, singing and dancing.[8] Historically, wakes were important social gatherings for the young, who sometimes partook in rowdier amusements and courtship.[8] Patricia Lysaght says the traditional revelry at wakes can be seen as a way of reasserting the life of the community in the face of death.[8] However, when a death is particularly tragic, or that of a child, the wake is more private and mournful.[9]
Historically, keening was performed at the wake by a group of women who sat around the body. It was a poetic lament for the dead, addressed directly to the dead person. A leading keening woman (bean chaointe) chanted verses and led a choral death wail, in which the other keeners joined while swaying rhythmically. Sometimes professional keeners were hired to fulfill this obligation to the dead. Lysaght writes, "This communal lamentation is often described as having a cathartic effect on family and community members present".[8]
Historically, there was a custom in Wales to store the coffin in the home until the funeral.[10] Friends and neighbours would volunteer for the ritual of gwylio'r corff ('watching the body'). The wake, known as gwylnos was held the night preceding the funeral and was a time of merriment.
After the three-century rule of the Spaniards in the Philippines, came the American occupation. American culture and influence started to find a place in a Philippine context by using various mediums, specifically the use of free trade. In this trading for and with the American market, a co-dependence between America and the Philippines was established.[11] Another medium of cultural assimilation from America was their implementation of their education system during the first decade of their occupation, all in which showing more prevalent effects in the political and cultural development of the Filipinos.[12] With the then-new educational system, young Filipinos were taught different American cultural devices such as their songs, values and ideals, and their subsequent assimilation of many of their traditions.[12] All these factors brought about by America allowed for a heterogeneous assimilation between the two distinct cultures that resulted in a unique outcome of specific American influence forming a distinct Filipino image. From here, this is a rich source to understand the nation in its present situation and its historical context.[13]
The Division of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology is dedicated to providing outstanding clinical care for patients with disorders that affect the sleep-wake cycle. We are committed to performing high quality research and to making outstanding contributions to the areas of clinical research that includes the entire spectrum of sleep medicine. We are devoted to producing well-trained and highly qualified sleep specialists.
The Sleep-Wake Disorders Center of the Department of Neurology at Montefiore Medical Center was established in 1975 as a referral center to assist doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have severe or long standing problems associated with sleeping and waking. The Center was the first accredited sleep disorders center in the USA in 1977.
The Center is staffed by adult and pediatric neurologists, as well as a clinical psychologist. All staff members are sleep specialists certified by the American Board of Sleep Medicine, knowledgeable of the most recent developments in the field of sleep-wake disorders. Consults in cardiology, psychiatry, pediatrics, dentistry, pulmonology and otolaryngology (ear, nose and throat) are also available when needed.
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Many factors play a role in preparing your body to fall asleep and wake up. Your body has several internal clocks, called circadian clocks. These typically follow a 24-hour repeating rhythm, called the circadian rhythm. This rhythm affects every cell, tissue, and organ in your body and how they work. Learn more in our Circadian Rhythms Disorders page.
Your body has a biological need for sleep that increases when you have been awake for a long time. This is controlled by homeostasis, the process by which your body keeps your systems, such as your internal body temperature, steady.
A compound called adenosine is linked to this need for sleep. While you are awake, the level of adenosine in your brain continues to rise. The rising levels signal a shift toward sleep. Caffeine and certain drugs can interrupt this process by blocking adenosine.
If you follow a natural schedule of days and nights, light signals received through your eyes tell your brain that it is daytime. The area of your brain that receives these signals, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, transmits the signals to the rest of your body through the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system. This helps your central body clock stay in tune with the day and night. Exposure to artificial light interferes with this process.
Exposure to bright artificial light in the late evening can disrupt this process and prevent your brain from releasing melatonin. This can make it harder to fall asleep. Examples of bright artificial light include the light from a TV screen, a smartphone, or a very bright alarm clock. Some people use physical filters or software to filter out some of the blue light from these devices.
Print and use this sleep diary to record the quality and quantity of your sleep and daytime habits that may affect your sleep. You can then bring the diary with you to review the information with your doctor.
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