Shoe 10

[Clide Birkner]

Twoways to participate: If you are an individual or family with 15-20 pairs of shoes to donate for reuse, please visit our community drop-off sites/locations. If you are a group or someone wanting to collect a larger amount and do a drive/collection, please reach out to SWALCO first and register your group to learn details of hosting a collection and other details.

All can participate! Scout troops, Park Districts, Schools, Churches, Libraries, City and Village Departments and administration, as well as corporate groups and other community organizations have all participated in this worthwhile and fun program. You can be a part of this great effort! SWALCO has assisted school or Scout projects, Mitzvah projects, Honor Society, Corporate projects and other, as Reuse-a-Shoe is a nice program for those as well.

Currently all types of shoes can be brought in and collected, with the exception of: rollerblades, ice skates and winter boots. All other boots, like dress boots, hiking boots and rain boots are accepted. Any brand and any size will be accepted. Shoes in any condition, from new or gently used, to those that are worn, will be accepted. Even those with stains or holes will be accepted. Shoes that are wet or moldy, or shoes without soles/falling apart will NOT BE ACCEPTED.

We are grateful for your kindness and care for vulnerable children, families, and senior adults. Your gift transforms and restores their lives through holistic programs. Our mission is driven by the call in James 1:27 to "look after orphans and widows in their distress."

In many developing countries, children have to walk barefoot in muddy, rocky terrain for clean water or to attend school. With bare feet, parasites and diseases like hookworm, jiggers and tetanus can enter the body through cuts in the feet. These illnesses can stunt a child's growth and development physically, but also cause lifelong mental damage.

Most schools require children to wear shoes to attend but for many poverty-stricken families, shoes are a luxury they can't afford. Studies show higher attendance in school increases children's chances of obtaining an education - and rising out of poverty.

Shoes demonstrate worth and God's love to vulnerable children. Typically, children in orphanages share everything - it's not common for them to have a single possession of their own. New shoes provide hope for these children and the truth they are loved and cared for.

Shoes connect families to holistic Buckner ministries. For many families, receiving shoes can be the first step to connect with critical services at the Buckner Family Hope Center in their community. Family Hope Center staff support families through coaching, education and more along their transformational journey.

The Government brought suit to enjoin consummation of a mergerof two corporations on the ground that its effect might besubstantially to lessen competition or to tend to create a monopolyin the production, distribution and sale of shoes, in violation of 7 of the Clayton Act, as amended in 1950. The District Courtfound that the merger would increase concentration in the shoeindustry, both in manufacturing and retailing, eliminate one of thecorporations as a substantial competitor in the retail field, andestablish a manufacturer-retailer relationship which would depriveall but the top firms in the industry of a fair opportunity tocompete, and that, therefore, it probably would result in a furthersubstantial lessening of competition and an increased tendencytoward monopoly. It enjoined appellant from having or acquiring anyfurther interest in the business, stock, or assets of the othercorporation, required full divestiture by appellant of the othercorporation's stock and assets, and ordered appellant to propose inthe immediate future a plan for carrying into effect the Court'sorder of divestiture.

2. The legislative history of the 1950 amendments to 7 of theClayton Act indicates that Congress provided no definitequantitative or qualitative tests by which enforcement agencieswere to gauge the effects of a given merger, but rather thatCongress intended that a variety of economic and other factors beconsidered in determining whether the merger was consistent withmaintaining competition in the industry in which the mergingcompanies operated. Pp. 370 U. S.311-323.

3. The record supports the District Court's findings and itsconclusion that the shoe industry is being subjected to acumulative series of vertical mergers which, if left unchecked, maysubstantially lessen competition within the meaning of 7, asamended. Pp. 370 U. S.323-334.

(b) The District Court properly found that the predominantlymedium-priced shoes which appellant manufactures do not occupy aproduct market different from the predominantly low-priced shoeswhich the other corporation sells. P. 370 U. S.326.

(d) Insofar as the vertical aspect of this merger is concerned,the relevant geographic market is the entire Nation, and theanticompetitive effects of the merger are to be measured withinthat range of distribution. P. 370 U. S.328.

(e) The trend toward vertical integration in the shoe industry,when combined with appellant's avowed policy of forcing its ownshoes upon its retail subsidiaries, seems likely to foreclosecompetition from a substantial share of the markets for men's,women's, and children's shoes, without producing any countervailingcompetitive, economic, or social advantages. Pp. 370 U. S.328-334.

4. The District Court was correct in concluding that this mergermay tend to lessen competition substantially in the retail sale ofmen's, women's, and children's shoes in the overwhelming majorityof the cities and their environs in which both corporations sellthrough owned or controlled outlets. Pp. 370 U. S.334-346.

(b) The District Court properly defined the relevant geographicmarkets in which to analyze the horizontal aspects of this mergeras those cities with populations exceeding 10,000 and theirenvirons in which both corporations retailed shoes through theirown or controlled outlets. Pp. 370 U. S.336-339.

(c) The evidence is adequate to support the finding of theDistrict Court that, as a result of the merger, competition in theretailing of men's, women's, and children's shoes may be lessenedsubstantially in those cities. Pp. 370 U. S.339-346.

A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot. Though the human foot can adapt to varied terrains and climate conditions, it is vulnerable, and shoes provide protection. Form was originally tied to function, but over time, shoes also became fashion items. Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as steel-toe boots, which are required footwear at industrial worksites.

Additionally, shoes have often evolved into many different designs, such as high heels, which are most commonly worn by women during fancy occasions. Contemporary footwear varies vastly in style, complexity and cost. Basic sandals may consist of only a thin sole and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous designers may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for large sums of money. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots designed specifically for mountaineering or skiing, while others have more generalized usage such as sneakers which have transformed from a special purpose sport shoe into a general use shoe.

Traditionally, shoes have been made from leather, wood or canvas, but are increasingly being made from rubber, plastics, and other petrochemical-derived materials.[1] Globally, the shoe industry is a $200 billion a year industry.[1] 90% of shoes end up in landfills, because the materials are hard to separate, recycle or otherwise reuse.[1]

The earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark sandals dating from approximately 7000 or 8000 BC, found in the Fort Rock Cave in the US state of Oregon in 1938.[5] The world's oldest leather shoe, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the Areni-1 cave complex in Armenia in 2008 and is believed to date to 3500 BC.[6][7] tzi the Iceman's shoes, dating to 3300 BC, featured brown bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark-string net, which pulled tight around the foot.[6] The Jotunheimen shoe was discovered in August 2006: archaeologists estimate that this leather shoe was made between 1800 and 1100 BC,[8][9] making it the oldest article of clothing discovered in Scandinavia. Sandals and other plant fiber based tools were found in Cueva de los Murcilagos in Albuol in southern Spain in 2023, dating to approximately 7500 to 4200 BC, making them what are believed to be the oldest shoes found in Europe.[10]

Footprints suggestive of shoes or sandals due to having crisp edges, no signs of toes found and three small divots where leather tying laces/straps would have been attached have been at Garden Route National Park, Addo Elephant National Park and Goukamma Nature Reserve in South Africa.[12] These date back to between 73,000 and 136,000 PB. Consistent with the existence of such shoe is the finding of bone awls dating back to this period that could have made simple footwear.[12]

Another source of evidence is the study of the bones of the smaller toes (as opposed to the big toe), it was observed that their thickness decreased approximately 40,000 to 26,000 years ago. This led archaeologists to deduce the existence of common rather than an occasional wearing of shoes as this would lead to less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes.[13] These earliest designs were very simple, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold.

Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear, known as the moccasin. These are tight-fitting, soft-soled shoes typically made out of leather or bison hides. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments. Moccasins were not designed to be waterproof, and in wet weather and warm summer months, most Native Americans went barefoot.[14] The leaves of the sisal plant were used to make twine for sandals in South America while the natives of Mexico used the Yucca plant.[15][16]

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