Best paper I have read on the subject of financial security systems:
There was also a more difficult paper, but I lost the reference, treating banks as a stochastic cash flow system where stochastic payments on the asset side support stochastic payments of interest, dividends, and accumulation of retained earnings on the liability side of the balance sheet. The US banking sector had accumulated retained earings via originate-to-distribute model for a long time prior to the global financial crisis of 2008. But when the market players stopped trusting each other in the credit markets and the loan default rates increases the banks would have taken a huge haircut on equity, and the insured depositors might also have had to take a haircut, if not for the Fed/Treasury bailout as Lender/Investor of Last Resort. The international US dollar economy is one giant stochastic payment system and the Fed/Treasury battery, as authorized by Congress, is the only unit with Sovereign power to insure any cash flows authorized for public purpose. Foreign adversaries are trying to drive political wedge in our Congress and voting public (via internet memes) either to disrupt the global dollar hegemony or gain favorable decisions from elected officials for their particular special interests. In short US politics have gone global because Washington can exert influence anywhere in the world through military alliances and dollar trade.
Joe