4 Orbit Drive
Aline Braunbeck
Driven combines and builds on the last 20 years of hybrid vehicle innovations and over 100 years of bevel differentials by putting a differential planetary system at the mid-drive of an e-bike. This differential allows for two inputs (a rider and electric power), to combine into one output that drives the back wheel.
Driven has more technology packed into there, too. Unlike most eBike motors on the market today, this one lacks a torque sensor, at least in the traditional sense. Driven hold a key patent for a sensor-less torque sensor.
Jessie-May Morgan is the UK & Ireland Tech Editor of Bikerumor. She has been writing about Mountain Bike Riding and Racing, and all its weird and wonderful technology for 4 years. Prior to that, she was an Intern at the Mountain Bike Center of Scotland, and a Mountain Bike Coach and Leader in the Tweed Valley.
Based in Innerleithen, Scotland, Jessie-May can often be seen riding the Glentress Trail Center, and its neighboring Enduro and Downhill Tracks. She regularly competes in Enduro at a national level, and has recently competed on the World Stage at a handful of Enduro World Series events.
Further study, however, indicates that the author means a simple differential gear, ancient in principle, that one can imagine as a rotating ball. But there are no hard balls in this device, no friction, no special fluid and no explanation of how the variable speed is obtained (see below). It is nothing whatsoever like a Kopp.
In other words, it obtains variable speed in the same way that a super-imposing gearbox does, with two independent inputs that determine the output. This is an excellent method. The article does not mention it.
Chain drive with derailleur(s) is the dominant technology for several excellent reasons. It is the most efficient, it is simple, it weights the least and it costs the least. It works fine with a minimum of attention. Since it is dominant, parts are easily found throughout the world.
No doubt the Driven Orbit Drive works as advertised. I do not believe it will sell. It is easier to obtain the same results with a simpler and cheaper and lighter and more efficient arrangement, especially one that does not require a special bike frame. That is, there are many ways to install such a system on a standard bike without requiring any modification of the frame.
So, this is a 3 motor system.
One is the rider legs, connected to the satellite carrier.
The second is connected to right bevel gear = output
The third is connecter do left bevel gear.
By electronicaly controlling the speed ratio between the electric motors you change the mechanical ratio from the legs to the output.
Take all the human effort out of pushing and jostling stretchers with an intuitive and intelligent drive system designed for easy use by any operator. Natural movement controls the speed and direction of the stretcher with the ability to stop very quickly by pulling back.
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You may remember seeing the wild-looking CeramicSpeed DrivEn drivetrain concept which first appeared back in 2018, winning an award at Eurobike that year. The DrivEn drivetrain featured a carbon fibre driveshaft and ceramic bearings to create a super low friction drivetrain.
Tom joined the Cyclingnews team in late 2022 as tech writer. Tom has over 10 years experience as a qualified mechanic with 5 or so of those being spent running an independent workshop. Tom has ridden and raced bikes from an early age up to a national level on the road and track and has ridden and competed in most disciplines, even the odd bit of bike polo. Tom is as happy tinkering away in the garage as he is out on the road bike exploring the Worcestershire lanes."}), " -0-10/js/authorBio.js"); } else console.error('%c FTE ','background: #9306F9; color: #ffffff','no lazy slice hydration function available'); Tom WieckowskiSocial Links NavigationTech writerTom joined the Cyclingnews team in late 2022 as tech writer. Tom has over 10 years experience as a qualified mechanic with 5 or so of those being spent running an independent workshop. Tom has ridden and raced bikes from an early age up to a national level on the road and track and has ridden and competed in most disciplines, even the odd bit of bike polo. Tom is as happy tinkering away in the garage as he is out on the road bike exploring the Worcestershire lanes.
The Voyager II gear-drive rotor is engineered specifically to water landscape areas which require a throw distance of up to 35 ft. between sprinkler heads. Its arc is adjustable from 40 to 360 degrees in precise increments, which gives you the ability to aim it so that the water hits the landscape only and avoids any hardscape surfaces. The 4-in. pop-up height ensures that the nozzle clears tall grass. It comes with a pre-installed 3-gallon-per-minute (GPM) nozzle which results in a full-pattern precipitation rate of 0.24 in. per hour at 35-ft. square spacing at 60 PSI. This very low rate reduces the risk of runoff or puddling for many soil types and conditions.
It also includes a matched-precipitation nozzle rack with 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 standard and low-angle nozzles featuring a unique keyway design to ensure highly uniform close-in and far-out watering, as well as an 8.0 GPM pasture nozzle. It includes a radius adjustment screw which allows you to reduce the rotor throw down to 75% of its rated distance. It also includes a bottom inlet filter which helps prevent clogging of the nozzle. The can and riser stem are made from high impact ABS and metal components are made from stainless steel.
Adjustment of both the radius and arc requires the included gear-drive rotor key. The inlet is 3/4-in. female pipe thread (FPT). The state-of-the-art approach to mounting a Voyager II is on a 3/4-in. male pipe thread (MPT) Blu-Lock combination swing joint, although it is compatible with 3/4-in. MPT Funny Pipe fittings, swing fittings and risers. The Voyager II replaces rotors from Orbit, Hydro-Rain, and other major brands. Recommended operating pressure is 60 PSI. For outdoor irrigation use with cold water only.
Coccolithophores are microscopic algae that form tiny limestone plates, called coccoliths, around their single cells. The shape and size of coccoliths varies according to the species. After their death, coccolithophores sink to the bottom of the ocean and their coccoliths accumulate in sediments, which faithfully record the detailed evolution of these organisms over geological time.
A team of scientists led by CNRS researchers show, in an article published in Nature on December 1, 2021, that certain variations in Earth's orbit have influenced the evolution of coccolithophores. To achieve this, no less that 9 million coccoliths, spanning an interval of 2.8 million years and several locations in the tropical ocean, were measured and classified using automated microscope techniques and artificial intelligence.
The researchers observed that coccoliths underwent cycles of higher and lower diversity in size and shape, with rhythms of 100 and 400 thousand years. They also propose a cause: the more or less circular shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun, which varies at the same rhythms. Thus, when Earth's orbit is more circular, as is the case today (this is known as low eccentricity), the equatorial regions show little seasonal variation and species that are not very specialized dominate all the oceans. Conversely, as eccentricity increases and more pronounced seasons appear near the equator, coccolithophores diversify into many specialized species, but collectively produce less limestone.
Crucially, due to their abundance and global distribution, these organisms are responsible for half of the limestone (calcium carbonate, partly composed of carbon) produced in the oceans and therefore play a major role in the carbon cycle and in determining ocean chemistry. It is therefore likely that the cyclic abundance patterns of these limestone producers played a key role in ancient climates, and may explain hitherto mysterious climate variations in past warm periods.
EDIT: Apparently the accepted physics has changed, and we now use the convection model for generating planetary magnetic field, not the dynamo model. Next thing you know people will be telling me Pluto is no longer a planet. (end edit)
Using ion drives with (H2O or bi-products) as reaction mass, move Ceres to Mars orbit (they are already in nearby orbits) to act as a moon, to restart the magnetic field on mars, so an atmosphere could be maintained indefinitely. Ceres could also act as a resupply base, due to low escape velocity and abundant water (assuming any survives the trip) Mars has abundant water in any case.
I need help with calculating how much thrust for how long would be needed. I know time is relevant. I'd like a time frame within my remaining lifetime say 30 years. Even just some rough numbers and a picture of how it would work would be nice. Then we can have a goal for how many and how powerful our ion engines would need to be.
I'm new at orbital mechanics, so which direction to fire the ions in order to drop Ceres to a lower orbit and speed it up? Eventually it would need to achieve near Mars orbit for capture. Google doesn't have any nifty info graphics on lowering orbits, everything covers getting into orbit from earth or transferring to a higher orbit.
Ceres has a much smaller ratio of mass- Mars:Ceres than our own Earth:moon, so Ceres would need to initially orbit very close to Mars in order to get the dynamo spinning again. Later on Ceres could be moved farther out again once the proper field strength is achieved.
I feel transferring Ceres to act as a moon for Mars is the best solution, forget about using nukes to spin up the core, or giant magnets... give it a moon and forget about it for the next billion years.
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