Hydraulic Pipes

[Dorian Aldrege]

Coverscold worked and annealed electric resistance welded single wall low carbon steel pressure tubing intended for use as hydraulic lines and in other applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for flaring and bending.

Hoping someone can help me a bit with modelling hydraulic pipes on Creo1,I don't seem to be able to activate the follow command to make the pipe follow an axis through a hose clamp. Other thing I seem to have forgotten to do is how to define the length of a segment to allow for an assembly which is moving.

One of my favorite parts of civil engineering is performing hydraulics & hydrology (H&H), which involves a lot of math. In 2010 I wrote a blog post on my old blog "Tony's Civil3D World" which caught a lot of attention by engineers, designers, and even Autodesk. This blog post was about creating a hydraulic label for concrete storm pipes under full flow conditions. If you are not from Texas, most cities in Texas require you to show the hydraulic pipe data in the storm profiles. The data displayed the pipe capacity, pipe velocity, pipe friction slope, depth of flow, and flowrate or Q100. Back then in 2010 there were no tools or feature within Civil 3D that could perform this analysis other than using SSA or Hydroflow Express extension tools, and other 3rd party software. Most engineers, would perform this task with their own custom hydraulic spreadsheet or using software such as FlowMaster and CulvertMaster also.

So one night, I decided to tackle this issue and stayed up all night to try to figure out how to automate this process. Most engineers and designers right now are using mtext or a basic pipe label to add the hydraulic data. This manually typing in your hydraulic data for each pipe segment can be a tedious task, which most don't enjoy. For those engineers that perform hydraulics, knows that Civil 3D lacks the hydraulic engineering formulas to perform this task within the pipe labels properties. So I basically had to break down the Mannings Equation to its simplest math equations with expressions. Below are 9 simples steps on how to create you full flow hydraulic pipe label.

Then the final step, create a pipe label style, and in the Text Component Editor, Properties Tab, all the expression that you created are now available to be used. To make all the expression work, you just need to add the stormwater drainage flowrate within the pipe properties of each pipe.

Please note, since I released this post in 2010, other engineers have create a more condensed down version of what I created to perform the same task. If I remember right, a 2.0 version of this was later introduce in the Mastering Civil 3D book in 2012 or 2013 release. Second, this pipe label was created for pipes created from upstream to downstream. Hopefully this will give you great ideas on how to take advantage of expression in Civil 3D. Maybe you can create a partial flow pipe data label style, which is more challenging but it can be down. Finally but not least, if you don't know, you can do pipe hydraulics with the new Analyze Gravity Network tool within Civil 3D. Thank you for your time.

I need to replace some steel hydraulic lines that are no longer available. In an ideal world I could take them to a hydraulic shop that would replicate them. Unfortunately they often seem to be damaged so they are not a good pattern. Then I go to the salvage yard and buy another 50 year old line that's already rusted out...

The line part shouldn't be too bad especially if you have the old one to replicate that is in the desired shape, I just use the compression style fittings for converting to rubber. A good tubing bender is desirable.

You do need the correct flaring tool to do JIC. It is also critical to have a device that can cut the pipe perfectly square. Buy a pipe deburring tool also. If you are going to make your own steel lines, may as well get fittings to do O ring face seal as well, they braze onto the steel line.

I have some bending tools and mastercool 71475 hydraulic double flare tool which does single and double 45 deg flare and other hose ends. I can buy a kit (71098) that will let me single and double flare up to 1/2 Inch. That would get alot of my lines done to start.

A neighbor had the power steering pump pressure line fail on his Ford 6000 decades ago. He made a line out of soft copper tubing flared with a hammer and punch. It lasts several years and he makes another...

Good idea doing your own. Especially considering cost and availability of original lines. I have not tried flaring steel lines. I normally use hydrsulic compression fittings or braze ends on after I have bent the tube to shape. (Normally comes in 3 or 6 metre lengths here). Hardest part I find is getting the bends in exactly the right place. Especially if the bends are close together. Other problem is as the pipe is bent (especially tight radius) it tends to collapse and spread. I did make a few formers for bending that prevents the pipe spreading. Works ok but the pipe is difficult to get out of the former. Still well worth doing your own despite the problems.

I've bought steel hydraulic tube and JIC male ends that braze on. The lines I replaced were just about straight and ran down the top of my loader boom. They have a very slight bend near one end and I simply heated the tube to make it - no more than 10 degrees. The tubing, as I recall, wasn't cheap but I couldn't live with the hoses the previous owner installed.

Well, here's what I know: I bought the tubing from my usual steel supplier, Cohen Steel in Concord, NH. I'm sure they had to order it in and I picked it up. It was .625 with a .065 wall for a max working pressure of 2600 psi, 4X safety factor. Plain steel, probably seamless. I thought I had an extra end I could take a picture of but I couldn't find one, so I searched. Not unsurprisingly Amazon has them!

The internet is full of suppliers probably closer to you or that will ship directly. Looks like I bought 10' lengths and that's usually too long for UPS or FedEx. Obviously you don't need such heavy wall for fuel or oil lines. Perhaps your local steel supplier has it or can order it in, probably for less than an online by-the-foot supplier.

@acem If you need photos, just let me know. Also there is a place that advertises in Red Power Magazine that specializes in making hydraulic lines for older equipment. I can get you the name later if you need it.

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The short answer is that each has its advantages and draw-backs. One piece of hydraulic equipment will commonly have both tube and hose assemblies on it, depending on which solution better serves each particular part of the system. For example, tube would typically be better when routed close to a heat source, and hose would be chosen for high vibration applications or when attached to moving parts.

Even a small amount of movement of connected parts will rule out the use of tube assembly. Even if a tube assembly would initially work, the movement will put stress on end connections (causing a leak over time) and repeated movement will fatigue the tube itself.

The maximum length of an assembly is limited by the availability of hose or tubing in continuous lengths. Hose is usually available in much longer lengths than tubing. Some style of hoses can be produced in continuous lengths of 500' or more. By comparison, (hard) metal tubing material typically comes in 20' lengths. Longer tubing can be obtained but at increased cost and with longer lead time. Also, shipping and storing tube is more difficult, since it cannot be coiled like hose.

When a hose is pressurized, its diameter expands and its length decreases. (When routing a hose assembly, make sure that it has enough slack so the hose does not pull out of the fitting under pressure.) Overall, the volume of the inside of the hose slightly increases under pressure. With enough hoses used in a system, the increase in the amount of hydraulic fluid necessary to complete the task can become noticeable and may need to be considered in the design stage.

Tube assemblies can have much tighter bends than hose assemblies. With that said, choosing a tight bend radius can increase flow resistance. While tubes can be bent using large radius blocks, producing tube assemblies with multiple bend radii is tricky and drives up cost and lead time. Most tube assemblies are produced using only one bend radius for the whole assembly.

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