Here is my new blog entry, in which I look at the many
oddities in the story of Daniel Lewin, a 31-year-old Internet
entrepreneur who was allegedly the first person killed in the 9/11
attacks. I examine details including the fact that the first man to die
in America's worst terrorist attack just happened to have served in an
elite counterterrorism unit and had dedicated himself to "wiping out
terrorism." He also just happened to have been visited two months
before 9/11 by the White House chief of counterterrorism. A particular
anomaly is that this particularly tough guy was supposedly murdered by a
short and thin man with no military experience--something Lewin's friends
and family members found difficult to believe.
The original article, with links to sources, is on my blog,
here:
The Strange Story of Daniel Lewin, the First Victim of the 9/11
Attacks[
Daniel Lewin is believed to have been the first person killed in the
terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001. The
31-year-old from Brookline, Massachusetts, was a passenger on American
Airlines Flight 11, the first plane to be hijacked that day. He was
reportedly murdered by Satam al Suqami, one of the alleged hijackers,
while the terrorists were taking over his plane.
Even before September 11, though, Lewin had secured his place in
history. He was unusually intelligent and talented, and had excelled as a
soldier, a student, and a businessman. Examination of his story, however,
reveals many anomalies, contradictions, and odd coincidences that deserve
scrutiny.
The official story of how he was killed is certainly suspicious.
Lewin was very strong and had served in the Israeli military as a member
of an elite counterterrorism unit. Al Suqami, in contrast, was short and
thin, and had no military experience. And yet he supposedly took Lewin
down with just a knife. Furthermore, Lewin was supposedly not originally
going to be on Flight 11 on September 11. He was reportedly meant to fly
to Los Angeles a day earlier but changed his plans so he could help take
care of some issues at his company's headquarters.
It also seems odd that the first person to die in the 9/11
attacks--perhaps the most significant event of the 21st century--was an
important figure in his own right, even before he became a key player in
the events of September 11. Although he was little known among the
general public, Lewin was a highly successful Internet entrepreneur. In
1998, he co-founded the pioneering technology company Akamai. Akamai's
product utilized algorithms that Lewin helped devise, which could manage
Web traffic in a way that was significantly faster and more efficient
than existing methods.
He helped build the company from scratch to one that, by 9/11,
employed about 1,500 people. Its success meant Lewin was, for a time, a
billionaire and the technology he helped develop revolutionized how
content was delivered over the Internet.
It has been suggested that, had he not been killed on September 11,
Lewin could have become a household name, someone like Bill Gates or
Steve Jobs. Some people even believed he would have gone into politics
and could have become prime minister of Israel.
Certain aspects of Lewin's life seem unusual in light of the fact
that Lewin was the first person killed in the 9/11 attacks. For example,
while he was in the military, Lewin reportedly became committed to the
cause of "wiping out terrorism." This means the first victim of
America's worst terrorist attack, who may have died while trying to stop
the hijackers on his plane, happened to be a man who was dedicated to
stopping terrorists.
Furthermore, in the years before he died, Lewin acted as if he
foresaw the 9/11 attacks or at least something on the scale of 9/11. He
told people that a "cataclysmic event" would occur, during
which people would turn to the Internet for information.
Of particular note, considering that Lewin died in a terrorist
attack, is that just two months before 9/11, his company was visited out
of the blue by the White House chief of counterterrorism. Richard Clarke
went to Akamai to employ it to protect the White House website from an
imminent attack by a computer virus.
And yet, while Lewin was the first person to be killed in the 9/11
attacks and an exceptional individual, surprisingly little attention has
been paid to his story. Author Molly Knight Raskin explained how this
lack of attention compelled her to write a book about him. "The more
I heard about Danny," she said, "the more I wondered, 'Why
hasn't this story ever been told before?'" She commented that
"in all of those stories of September 11th, 2001," she had
"never heard anything about him." [1]
Lewin's story is certainly remarkable. But parts of it indicate that
there may be more to what happened on September 11 than we have been led
to believe and so it requires close scrutiny.
LEWIN WAS KILLED WHILE FLIGHT 11 WAS BEING HIJACKED
Daniel Lewin, according to the official narrative of 9/11, was
killed on the morning of September 11, 2001, when five Middle Eastern men
armed with knives attempted to take control of Flight 11. He had his
throat slashed by Satam al Suqami, one of the hijackers. [2]
Lewin was traveling on the 7:45 a.m. flight from Boston to Los
Angeles--a trip he had frequently taken over the past year--on behalf of
Akamai. He was going to California to sign a major business deal that he
hoped would save his company, which was at the time struggling as a
result of the previous year's dot-com crash. He was also set to attend
the Credit Suisse First Boston Software Conference while he was in
California. [3]
He was in seat 9B, in the business class section near the front of
the plane. [4] Two of the alleged hijackers, Mohamed Atta and Abdul Aziz
al Omari, were in the row of seats in front of his while al Suqami was in
seat 10B, directly behind him. [5]
At 8:14 a.m. or shortly after, it is believed, the five hijackers on
Flight 11 rose from their seats and began their takeover of the plane. In
the course of doing this, al Suqami killed Lewin. Flight 11 crashed into
the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m. Everyone on board
and many people in the tower were killed in the crash. [6]
[b]FLIGHT ATTENDANT SAID LEWIN HAD HIS THROAT SLASHED[/b]
Details of what supposedly happened to Lewin were described by two
flight attendants, Betty Ong and Amy Sweeney, in phone calls they made
from the rear of Flight 11 to authorities on the ground.
Ong reached the American Airlines Southeastern Reservations Office
in Cary, North Carolina, at 8:18 a.m. and, apparently describing what had
happened to Lewin, reported, "Somebody's stabbed in business
class." [7] Later during the call she said other flight attendants
had told her "that a passenger by the name of Daniel Lewin may have
been fatally wounded." [8]
Sweeney relayed details of the hijacking to personnel at the
American Airlines flight services office at Logan International Airport
in Boston in a series of calls beginning at 8:25 a.m. Presumably
describing what happened to Lewin, she reported that "a passenger in
row 9 ... had their throat cut by a passenger in seat 10B." She said
the passenger whose throat had been cut was "bleeding severely"
and was "not going to make it." [9]
Ong and Sweeney never mentioned whether Lewin was wounded in the
course of trying to stop the hijacking. The 9/11 Commission, created by
Congress to investigate the 9/11 attacks, tentatively concluded that he
"may have made an attempt to stop the hijackers in front of him, not
realizing that another was sitting behind him." [10]
But friends and relatives of his were certain that he would have
tried to stop the hijackers. Many of them who were interviewed by Molly
Knight Raskin for the book she wrote about him said that in light of his
"physical strength, counterterrorism training, and fighting
spirit," there was "no way Lewin could have sat idly by and
watched terrorists hurt flight attendants and attempt to hijack the
plane."
"Knowing his character and his training, we know that he got up
and tried to do something," Marco Greenberg, one of Lewin's closest
friends, commented. [11] "He wasn't one to sit passively by and see
something bad happening and not try to get up and do something about it.
It was in his nature to be a hero," one of his brothers said.
[12]
[b]LEWIN WAS HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL[/b]
While Lewin may be remembered simply as the first victim of the 9/11
attacks, even before September 11 his life was remarkable. The son of a
psychiatrist and a pediatrician, he was born in Denver, Colorado, in May
1970 and grew up in a large house there. [13] When he was 14, though, he
moved with his family to Israel.
At the age of 18, he joined the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), but
after serving in the military for about four years, he left to study for
degrees in math and engineering at the Israel Institute of
Technology--better known as the Technion--in Haifa. [14]
After graduating, he successfully applied to study at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a prestigious private
research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He consequently moved
back to the U.S. in fall 1996 to study for a Ph.D. in applied math.
[15]
He quickly established himself as a top student at MIT, and
co-authored several papers on algorithms and complexity theory while he
was there. [16] Significantly, Lewin and his professor, Tom Leighton,
devised a way to handle Internet congestion that would speed up the
delivery of content and make websites feel faster. [17] The algorithms
they came up with became the foundation of Akamai, the company the two
men set up in August 1998. [18]
Akamai established a network of servers around the world. This
network could rewrite the addresses of its customers' Web pages and
ensure fast access to them by providing the information requested by
Internet users via any of the company's servers that were available,
instead of via congested servers. [19] Its product, called FreeFlow,
thereby enabled customers' Web pages and online applications to load
faster and more reliably. [20]
FreeFlow was marketed as the "world's largest fault-tolerant
network for distributing Web content." [21] Alan Edelman, an
associate professor of applied mathematics at MIT, described it as
"something like a limousine service that guarantees a short ride no
matter what the traffic conditions." [22]
Akamai became a great success in the late 1990s Internet boom. It
quickly signed up a healthy number of clients, thereby ensuring it
millions of dollars in revenue, and Lewin and Leighton soon became
wealthy men. [23] [i]Wired[/i] magazine commented in August 1999 that
"in less than a year, the little-known company is well on its way
toward global domination." [24]
[b]STORY OF HOW LEWIN DIED IS SUSPICIOUS[/b]
Lewin's story, however, includes many anomalies. The official
account of how Lewin died on Flight 11 is especially hard to believe.
To begin with, Lewin would have been a tough adversary for anyone
who took him on. He was, in the words of Lior Netzer, who served with him
in the IDF, "a very strong guy." [25] He was 5 feet 10 inches
tall and, according to Molly Knight Raskin, "built like a
bull--burly and broad-shouldered, sheer muscle from head to toe."
[26]
As a teenager, he regularly went to a gym in Jerusalem where he
trained intensely. His strength increased so much that by the age of 16
he could bench-press more than 300 pounds. He was even crowned "Mr.
Teenage Israel" after winning a coveted bodybuilding competition.
[27]
[b]LEWIN SERVED IN 'THE MOST EFFECTIVE COUNTERTERRORISM FORCE IN THE
WORLD'[/b]
Lewin then gained around four years of military experience after
joining the Israel Defense Forces when he was 18. [28] Notably,
considering that he was supposedly killed by a terrorist, he served in
the IDF's elite Sayeret Matkal. This unit was described by [i]Vanity
Fair[/i] as "the most effective counterterrorism force in the
world." Its members have "almost unmatched counterterrorism
skills," according to Raskin.
Lewin must have been highly regarded to be accepted into it. The
Sayeret Matkal includes only about 200 full-time commandos and so getting
in is rare, even for the best soldiers. Out of the thousands who apply at
any one time, following two grueling test camps, only 20 to 40 men are
selected. The fact that Lewin made it into the unit was particularly
impressive considering that, according to Raskin, "for soldiers who
were not Israeli-born, recruitment to Sayeret Matkal was almost unheard
of."
Those who make it into the unit undergo nearly two years of intense
training. This includes a course in counterterrorism in which they learn
to storm planes and rescue hostages, and lessons in hand-to-hand combat.
[29] Such training would surely have given Lewin a significant advantage
against the hijackers on Flight 11. Indeed, it was reported that he had
the skills to kill a terrorist "with a pen or a credit card, or just
his bare hands." [30]
As well as having advanced combat skills, Lewin spoke some Arabic.
He may consequently have picked up on the hijackers' intentions if he
heard them discussing their plans to hijack Flight 11 in this language
and might therefore have been able to come up with a strategy for
stopping them when they attempted to take over the plane. [31]
Lewin appears to have excelled in the Sayeret Matkal since, after
three years in the unit, he was promoted to the rank of captain. [32]
Brad Rephen, who knew him as a teenager, commented on his success,
saying: "About 2,500 guys try out for the unit he was in.
Twenty-five make it and one gets chosen as an officer. It was him."
[33]
[b]LEWIN'S ALLEGED KILLER WAS SHORT AND SKINNY[/b]
Incredibly, considering his strength and military experience, Lewin
was supposedly killed by a man who appears to have been quite feeble,
someone he should have taken down with ease.
Satam al Suqami, a 25-year-old from Saudi Arabia, was just 5 feet 7
inches tall. [34] Like the other terrorists tasked with storming the
cockpits and controlling the passengers rather than flying the hijacked
planes on September 11--ironically referred to as the "muscle
hijackers"--he was "slender in build" and "not
physically imposing," according to the 9/11 Commission. [35]
A CIA report on the alleged 9/11 hijackers portrayed him as an
unimpressive man. He came from a broken family, the report stated, and
had little education. He had worked as a security guard for a hospital
and only got involved with extremists two years before 9/11, in 1999. He
was also unconcerned with religion, according to members of his family,
was known to drink alcohol, possibly having a drinking problem, and may
have taken drugs. [36]
However, London's [i]Sunday Times[/i] reported that an investigation
of the backgrounds of the alleged 9/11 hijackers found him to be a very
different man. The investigation found that al Suqami came from a wealthy
family, was intelligent and educated, and graduated in law at King Saud
University in Riyadh. [37]
While these accounts appear to be describing two different men,
neither of them described someone who would likely have made a
particularly dangerous terrorist. However, a CIA report about al-Qaeda's
camps in Afghanistan claimed that al Suqami received some training that
would have helped prepare him for the events of September 11. It stated
that he attended Khaldan, a large facility near Kabul, where he received
basic training in fields such as firearms, heavy weapons, explosives, and
topography. It also claimed that the "muscle hijackers," which
included al Suqami, "engaged in months-long, daily, intensive
instruction, which included martial arts."
How the CIA determined this and how reliable the claims are is
unclear. The report stated that the information came from "a variety
of intelligence reporting" but provided no further details.
[38]
In fact, the young Saudi's behavior after he arrived in the U.S. in
April 2001 seems inconsistent with the actions of a trained warrior
preparing for the most important battle of his life. Al Suqami checked in
at the Body Perfect Fitness Center, a gym in Lake Worth, Florida, on a
number of occasions in June and July of 2001, and then purchased a
one-month membership for the World Gym in Boynton Beach, Florida. He and
other hijackers who joined gyms around this time "may have been told
to go get as strong as they could get in case of body conflict or a
fight," Jim Woolard, who owned the World Gym in Boynton Beach,
surmised. [39]
However, trainers observed that al Suqami and two other alleged
hijackers who attended the World Gym with him "did not appear to
know how to use the equipment" there. They "simply clustered
around the machines, never pushing any weights," according to the
[i]New York Times[/i]. "They would just stand around and
watch," trainer Joe Farnoly recalled. [40]
Would such an unremarkable man as Satam al Suqami really have been
capable of killing Daniel Lewin? Certainly, people who knew Lewin
appeared to be highly skeptical of the official story of how the
entrepreneur was killed. "Those of us who knew him well can't figure
out how only five terrorists managed to overpower him," Tom Leighton
commented. [41]
"With his training, he would have killed [the hijackers] with
his bare hands," Brad Rephen said. Lewin "knew how to fight
with knives and take knives away from people," he explained, and
"would have taken [the hijackers'] knives or their box cutters away
and used them against them." [42] "I'd be surprised if he
didn't kill one or two of the terrorists before he went down," Marco
Greenberg remarked. [43]
[b]FLIGHT ATTENDANTS WHO DESCRIBED LEWIN'S DEATH GAVE CONFLICTING
INFORMATION[/b]
There are other oddities in the evidence relating to Lewin's death,
in addition to the reports that such a tough man as Lewin was killed by a
short, skinny hijacker armed only with a knife.
For example, the two flight attendants who described what had
happened to Lewin contradicted each other over a notable detail during
their phone calls to authorities on the ground. Amy Sweeney mentioned
that Lewin was being cared for by a doctor and a nurse. [44] But when
Betty Ong was asked, "Is there a doctor on board ... that's
assisting you guys?" she said there were no doctors on Flight
11.
Furthermore, both flight attendants, independently of each other,
initially said incorrectly that they were on "Flight 12" in
their calls. When Ong reached the American Airlines Southeastern
Reservations Office, Winston Sadler, the resolution agent there, asked
her, "Which flight are you on?" and she replied, "Flight
12." She gave the correct information, though, about a minute later.
When Sadler asked, "What is your name?" she replied: "My
name is Betty Ong. I'm number three [flight attendant] on Flight
11." She also immediately corrected Sadler when he subsequently told
a supervisor that Ong was on Flight 12. "No, we're on Flight 11
right now; this is Flight 11," she said. [45]
And when Sweeney made her first successful call to the American
Airlines flight services office at Logan International Airport, she told
the employee who answered that two flight attendants had been stabbed on
Flight 12. American Airlines Flight 12 was in fact a flight from Los
Angeles to Boston that had not yet taken off. [46]
[b]EVIDENCE SUGGESTED LEWIN HAD BEEN SHOT[/b]
Another anomaly is that some evidence indicated Lewin was shot,
although investigations found that this scenario was highly improbable
and he was most likely killed with a knife.
The first indication of a shooting on Lewin's plane was received by
the operations center at the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
headquarters in Washington, DC, at 8:44 a.m. on September 11. In a
conference call with the FAA's New England Regional Operations Center, it
heard that a passenger on Flight 11 had been shot. [47]
Another indication of a shooting occurred about 35 minutes later. At
that time, Janet Riffe, the FAA's principal security inspector for
American Airlines, was reportedly told by Suzanne Clark, a manager of
corporate security at American Airlines, that a passenger on Flight 11
had been shot dead. [48]
Riffe, who was working at FAA headquarters and had been receiving
information about the hijacking of Flight 11, called American Airlines
headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas, at 9:20 a.m. for a status update. [49]
Her usual point of contact at the airline was a manager of corporate
security called Chris Bidwell, but he was away from his office and so her
call was passed on to Clark. [50]
During the call, according to Riffe, Clark said one of the flight
attendants on Flight 11 had contacted the American Airlines System
Operations Control center and reported that the passenger in seat
10B--i.e. Satam al Suqami--had shot and killed the passenger in seat
9B--i.e. Daniel Lewin. Just one bullet had been fired, she reportedly
said. [51]
Following the call, Riffe filled out an event sheet, describing what
Clark had told her. The details she wrote down were subsequently entered
into a log and the information in the log was included in a memo prepared
by FAA headquarters personnel early that evening. [52]
[b]INVESTIGATIONS REFUTED THE CLAIM THAT LEWIN WAS SHOT[/b]
Various agencies, though, later determined that it was highly
unlikely that Lewin was shot. When the memo that described the alleged
shooting was leaked to the press in 2002, FAA and FBI officials said the
report of a gun being used on Flight 11 was a mistake. The FAA said the
memo was just a first draft. FAA spokeswoman Laura Brown said the
erroneous information in it was the result of "a
miscommunication" and the error was corrected later in the evening
of September 11. [53]
When the General Accounting Office (GAO) conducted a comprehensive
investigation of the alleged shooting, the American Airlines personnel it
interviewed all denied reporting to anyone that a shooting had occurred
on any of the aircraft hijacked on September 11. The GAO concluded that
there was "no information to corroborate a shooting on American
Airlines Flight 11." [54]
The 9/11 Commission also investigated whether a shooting occurred on
Flight 11 and came to the same conclusion. It pointed out that the only
possible sources of authoritative reports that a gun was fired on Flight
11 were the phone calls made from the plane by Amy Sweeney and Betty Ong.
But, it noted, there were no mentions of a gun or a shooting in the tape
recordings of these calls or the accounts of participants and witnesses
to the calls. It also pointed out that while investigators found evidence
of the alleged hijackers purchasing numerous knives in the period before
September 11, "there was no evidence that they purchased or
possessed firearms." [55]
Strangely, Clark denied that the alleged phone call in which she
supposedly told Riffe about the shooting took place. When she was
interviewed by the 9/11 Commission, she "unequivocally stated that
she never made a report about a gun being used on Flight 11 on 9/11 or
subsequently because she never had such information." She said she
didn't remember talking with Riffe on September 11. She also said she
didn't recall receiving any information about the weapons or tactics used
on Flight 11 and only learned the seat numbers of the hijackers on the
day after 9/11, thereby implying that she would have been unable to
provide the information she supposedly gave to Riffe. [56]
[b]LEWIN WAS ORIGINALLY GOING TO FLY TO LOS ANGELES ON THE DAY
BEFORE 9/11[/b]
There are other anomalies in the story of Daniel Lewin besides those
relating to the hijacking of Flight 11 and his death. To begin with,
Lewin was reportedly not originally meant to be flying to Los Angeles on
September 11. George Conrades, Akamai's CEO, Tim Weller, the company's
chief financial officer, and Steven Wolfe Pereira, the director of
corporate strategy, flew from Boston to Los Angeles on September 10,
2001, to give a presentation at the Credit Suisse First Boston Software
Conference on the morning of September 11. "Danny Lewin was supposed
to be on our flight," Pereira claimed.
But according to Pereira, "There was something going on back at
the office and--typical Danny--he said he would help take care of
it." Lewin told his colleagues to "just go" and said he
would meet them in Los Angeles. [57] If he had stuck with his original
plans, therefore, he would have avoided being on Flight 11 and still been
alive on September 12.
Lewin even rejected the request of some of his colleagues to cancel
his trip so he could help them deal with the effects of the previous
year's dot-com crash. Akamai was at the time faced with the difficult
task of laying off hundreds of its workers. Consequently, on September
10, he called a meeting for some of his employees in which he proposed a
new vision for the company.
At the end of the meeting, the attendees tried to convince him to
cancel his trip to Los Angeles the following day, and stay with them to
help with the layoffs and restructuring of the firm. Lewin appeared to be
considering their suggestion but decided to stick to his schedule.
"You guys will be fine," he said. [58]
[b]LEWIN PREDICTED A 'CATACLYSMIC EVENT'[/b]
Curiously, in the years before 9/11, Lewin repeatedly talked about
some kind of major catastrophe occurring in the future. It was as if he
foresaw the event in which he would die.
He "talked about a time when there would be some cataclysmic
event that would cause people to turn to the Internet for
information," Molly Knight Raskin said. This event would "cause
phone lines to go down" and "interrupt what then were more
commonly used forms of communication." [59] Since 1998, he "had
called attention to the unpredictable nature of news, foreseeing a time
when technology rooted in his algorithms would have the power to keep the
Internet alive under an extraordinary crush of traffic," Raskin
wrote. [60]
When he visited CNN to try and gain the television network as a
customer, he attempted to sell it Akamai's services with the argument
that "CNN could one day see a news event so huge that no amount of
servers or bandwidth could handle it." Internet users "would
turn to CNN, which billed itself 'the most trusted name in news,' only to
find blank or skeletal Web pages." [61]
The day when the "cataclysmic event" Lewin talked of
occurred "really was September 11th," Raskin commented. [62]
That day, like in the scenario Lewin warned of, CNN's website experienced
trouble because so many people visited it for information and the
increase in traffic actually forced it offline between 9:00 a.m. and
10:00 a.m. CNN eventually had to contact Akamai and employ it to help
keep the site running. [63]
[b]COUNTERTERRORISM CHIEF VISITED AKAMAI SHORTLY BEFORE
9/11[/b]
An especially notable oddity considering that Lewin was killed in
America's worst terrorist attack is that, just two months before 9/11,
his company was unexpectedly visited by the White House chief of
counterterrorism. Richard Clarke approached Akamai to request its help in
protecting the White House website from a predicted attack by a computer
virus called Code Red.
Code Red was created to conduct a "distributed denial of
service" attack. This kind of attack involves thousands of
compromised computers targeting a website or server at the same time,
thus causing it to overload and become unavailable. [64] The virus was
designed to specifically target the White House infrastructure on the
Internet by bombarding the White House Web server with data, thereby
shutting it down for hours or even days. [65]
Clarke became concerned when, in July 2001, he learned that 300,000
computers infected with Code Red were about to attack the White House's
website. [66] To address the threat, he approached Akamai for help, even
though he had never dealt with the company before and it had no previous
experience of doing cybersecurity work. He turned up at its headquarters
in Cambridge and, Tom Leighton recalled, said that "there was going
to be a massive attack on the White House Internet infrastructure ... and
he believed that [Akamai] could help him." [67]
Akamai agreed to provide the support that Clarke requested and when
the Code Red virus struck on July 19, it was able to stop the attack by
deflecting the requests that threatened to overload the White House
website's server to Akamai servers around the world. [68]
Clarke presumably talked to Lewin when he visited Akamai since, as
its chief technology officer, Lewin "effectively ran the
company," according to Lior Netzer, who worked at Akamai at the
time. [69] Ironically, just weeks later, the two men were key figures in
the events of September 11. While Lewin was the first victim of the
hijackings, Clarke was in the White House Situation Room when America was
under attack and played a major role in coordinating the government's
response to the crisis.
[b]LEWIN WAS ESPECIALLY TALENTED[/b]
It is also curious that the first person killed in such a major
historical event as 9/11 was an important historical figure, albeit
little known for what he had achieved. Daniel Lewin was in fact an
unusually talented and successful man.
"In purely objective terms, Danny was an extraordinary human
being," Marco Greenberg commented. [70] The entrepreneur was
"exceptionally smart," according to Leighton. [71] Todd Dagres,
who met Lewin when he was studying at MIT, described him as
"intellectually brilliant" and "creatively
brilliant." [72]
Even as a child, Lewin had "seemingly limitless talents,"
Molly Knight Raskin noted. He had such a beautiful singing voice that he
was given leading roles in the musicals staged at his synagogue and he
was also an extremely gifted violinist. At school, he excelled
academically and in athletics. [73] He could "outrun and outplay all
of his classmates on the sports field," according to Raskin. [74]
Micah Lakin Avni, who was friends with him as a teenager, described Lewin
as "smarter, stronger, more driven, more charismatic, and more
energetic than anyone that I have ever met." [75]
[b]LEWIN EXCELLED AT UNIVERSITY[/b]
As previously mentioned, Lewin excelled in the Israel Defense
Forces, becoming one of only a small number of recruits to be accepted
into the Sayeret Matkal and then being promoted to the rank of captain in
the elite unit.
His achievements continued after he left the military. The first
university he attended--the Technion--is Israel's premier technology
university. And in 1995, it named him the year's outstanding student in
computer engineering. [76] While he was studying there, he also worked at
IBM's research laboratory in Haifa and helped develop the Genesys system,
a processor verification tool that was used widely at IBM and other
companies. He graduated from the Technion with highest honors.
[77]
Then, in 1996, he applied to study at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology on one of the top 10 computer science programs in the United
States. [78] That year, only 100 out of over 2,000 applicants were
accepted into the elite Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT and only
five of these joined the theory group run by Tom Leighton, a professor of
applied mathematics who was one of the world's leading authorities on
algorithms for computing. Lewin was one of these five people. [79]
Leighton noted that, upon commencing his studies at MIT, Lewin soon
stood out for his intellectual brilliance and his uninhibited
personality. [80] In 1998, he was one of just a few MIT students to be
awarded the Morris Joseph Levin Award for the Best MasterWorks Oral
Thesis Presentation, for a paper he delivered in May that year.
[81]
[b]LEWIN BECAME A BILLIONAIRE[/b]
His biggest achievements, though, were with Akamai. With his work at
the company, Lewin established himself as "one of the Internet
generation's chief innovators," according to the [i]Jerusalem
Post[/i], and by 2001, Leighton noted, he "was widely recognized as
one of the most influential technologists of his generation."
[82]
Akamai's rise to success was rapid and the company quickly gained
some major customers. By June 1999, less than a year after it was
established, these included 20 of the most popular websites, such as CNN
Interactive, the [i]New York Times[/i], and Yahoo! [83] Earlier that
year, Akamai was even contacted by Steve Jobs, the renowned co-founder of
Apple Computers, who said he wanted to buy the company. (It declined his
offer.) [84] And by the time Lewin died, just three years after it was
established, Akamai employed 1,500 people. [85]
The company's initial public offering in October 1999 was
particularly successful. On the first day of trading, Akamai shares
increased in value by 458 percent, the fourth biggest climb ever for an
IPO. Lewin was then, on paper, worth more than $1.8 billion. The Israeli
newspaper [i]Haaretz[/i] called him "one of the richest Israelis in
the world." [86]
Lewin received recognition for his success at Akamai. In April 2001,
[i]Forbes[/i] magazine placed him at number 72 in its annual list of
"100 Highest Rollers," which comprised the highest earners
working in information technology. [87] And in July 2001, [i]Enterprise
Systems[/i] magazine placed him seventh in its "Power 100" list
of leaders in information technology. [88]
Akamai's success continued after Lewin died. By 2013, the company
regularly controlled between 15 and 30 percent of the world's Internet
traffic, and delivered content for such well-known companies as Facebook,
Twitter, and Apple's iTunes. It had offices around the world and over
3,500 employees. But its core technology still relied on the algorithms
created by Lewin and Leighton. [89] The impact of Lewin's work, Leighton
commented in 2002, "will be felt throughout the high-tech industry
for many years to come." [90]
[b]LEWIN WAS CONSIDERED A POTENTIAL FUTURE ISRAELI PRIME
MINISTER[/b]
In light of how much he achieved by the age of 31, people have
wondered what else Lewin would have accomplished if he had not died on
September 11. CNN suggested that "he could have become a high-tech
household name, like Bill Gates or Steve Jobs." [91] Others
concurred. "There was talk that he would be Bill Gates'
successor," Gil Rudawsky, a childhood friends of Lewin's, wrote.
[92] Writer and content strategist Craig Playstead, who worked for Akamai
from 1999 to 2001, commented: "There's no doubt in my mind that
Danny Lewin would have gone down in the same breath as the tech titans of
today if he were still around. [Mark] Zuckerberg, the Google twins [Larry
Page and Sergey Brin], [Bill] Gates, the list goes on. He was in that
league." [93]
Some people said he would have moved on to a career in politics.
"Danny always thought that he might like to come back [to Israel]
and enter Israeli politics, and influence the political situation,"
his brother Jonathan commented. [94] It has even been suggested that he
was a possible future prime minister.
Indeed, one of his dreams was to become prime minister of Israel.
When his friend Micah Lakin Avni visited him in 2000, Lewin said that
"eventually he would return to Israel, we would set up a political
party, and he would become prime minister." He said he would
"spend hundreds of millions of dollars of [his] own money on the
election campaign" and would "win an absolute majority in [the]
Knesset." Avni believed Lewin could have achieved his goal. "I
have no doubt that if he had not been murdered on 9/11, Danny would have
eventually returned to Israel and he would have become prime
minister," he opined. [95]
[b]STORY OF LEWIN'S DEATH INCLUDES CONTRADICTIONS[/b]
It is curious that the first person to die in such an unprecedented
event as 9/11 was a man with such a unique and remarkable life story.
There are aspects of this story, however, that need to be
investigated.
Certainly, the official story of how Daniel Lewin was murdered seems
highly unlikely and ought to be examined more closely than has so far
been the case. Could Satam al Suqami really have killed Lewin? Lewin
should have easily fought him off. He was bigger and surely far stronger
than the young Saudi, and must have had vastly superior fighting
skills.
But if the official story of what happened to Lewin on Flight 11 is
false, what really happened to the young entrepreneur? How did evidence
revealing an incorrect story about his death come about and how was it
possible for this story to be accepted as true?
Specific anomalies ought to be probed. These include the apparently
false evidence that Lewin was shot rather than killed with a knife. The
9/11 Commission commented that it found it "troubling" that FAA
security inspector Janet Riffe said American Airlines manager Suzanne
Clark told her Lewin had been shot but Clark denied doing so. "This
discrepancy is a problem that we should at least try to resolve if we
can," it stated. However, it is unclear whether the 9/11 Commission
ever got to the bottom of the issue. [96]
Additionally, why did Betty Ong and Amy Sweeney initially state
incorrectly that they were on "Flight 12," not Flight 11, in
their calls from the hijacked plane? Would two experienced flight
attendants both make an error over such a rudimentary detail?
And why did Ong and Sweeney contradict each other over whether Lewin
was being treated by a doctor, with Sweeney saying he was being cared for
by a doctor and a nurse while Ong said there were no doctors on the
plane? Sweeney said she was sitting next to Ong when she was making her
calls and so the two women should have been receiving details of what was
happening on the plane from the same sources. [97] How then could they
have given authorities on the ground conflicting information about this
issue?
The calls made by Ong and Sweeney were the only sources for the
official story of Lewin's death, and so it is concerning that they
contain these blatant anomalies. Was there more to them than the official
story of 9/11 suggests? If there was, can the account of what happened to
Lewin provided by the two flight attendants be believed?
[b]LEWIN WAS COMMITTED TO 'WIPING OUT TERRORISM'[/b]
There are other parts of Lewin's story, in addition to the details
of what happened to Lewin on Flight 11, that are curious. Whether these
are significant in relation to the events of September 11 is unknown. All
the same, they could be worth investigating, in case scrutiny of them
reveals them to indeed be relevant.
Lewin's membership in Israel's Sayeret Matkal is surely notable. It
seems an incredible coincidence that the man who was reportedly the first
victim of America's worst terrorist attack had served in "the most
effective counterterrorism force in the world," whose members have
"almost unmatched counterterrorism skills."
Was it also just a coincidence that a man who is believed to have
died while trying to protect the people on Flight 11 against terrorists
had previously dedicated himself to the cause of "wiping out
terrorism"? "As a soldier he believed that it was his job to
risk his life to fight against people who were trying to do evil in the
world," Lewin's brother, Jonathan, said. Jonathan Lewin added that
Daniel Lewin believed that "the way to address terrorism was not to
sit idly by and let innocent people be killed, but to actively go out and
cut the head off the stick." [98]
And was there any particular reason why Lewin told people that a
"cataclysmic event that would cause people to turn to the Internet
for information" would occur? Was his prediction of a catastrophic
event, which turned out to be accurate, simply the result of good
judgment or did he have at least some degree of foreknowledge of 9/11, or
a disaster on the scale of it?
[b]COUNTERTERRORISM CHIEF LIKELY MET LEWIN BEFORE 9/11[/b]
An incident that should certainly be looked into is the visit made
by White House counterterrorism chief Richard Clarke to Akamai in July
2001. Clarke's decision to request the company's help with protecting the
White House website from the Code Red virus seems an odd choice. Tom
Leighton suggested that his reason for approaching Akamai was that he had
"figured out that we had a large edge network with a large number of
servers close to where the users were and where the attacking bots
were," and he "felt that if the traffic was directed through
us, that the network had enough capacity to filter out the attack and
protect the core." [99]
However, Clarke surely ought to have sought help from a company with
extensive experience in cybersecurity when the White House faced such a
major threat. Indeed, the distributed denial of service attack that was
subsequently caused by Code Red was "of such proportions that some
feared parts of the Internet would shut down, unable to cope with the
unprecedented flood of data," according to CNET News. Before it
began on July 19, 2001, "Many thought the massive influx of data
could slow parts of the Internet to a crawl." [100] Why then did
Clarke approach a company with no experience in cybersecurity
work?
His decision to go to Akamai for assistance was also strange since
he'd reportedly had no previous contact with the company. "We did
not know him, but he somehow knew us," Leighton commented. [101]
Surely, considering the seriousness of the threat, he should have gone to
a company he had dealt with before and so knew from his own experience
was reliable?
If Lewin talked to Clarke when the counterterrorism chief visited
Akamai, as seems likely, it would mean two men who played key roles when
America was attacked on September 11 met each other, apparently for the
first time, just two months before the attacks occurred. For this to
happen due to chance would have been an incredible coincidence.
It is therefore worth considering if there was an ulterior motive
behind Clarke's visit to Akamai. Were there reasons, besides the threat
of the Code Red virus, for it? And was this really the first time Clarke
contacted Akamai or had he met at least some of its executives--perhaps
including Lewin--before?
[b]LEWIN'S STORY RECEIVED LITTLE ATTENTION[/b]
It is curious that the first person to die during such an important
and historical event as 9/11 happened to be unusually talented and
successful. Was this a coincidence or is there more to it?
There are probably numerous possible nefarious reasons why such a
scenario could have occurred. As just one example, people involved with
planning 9/11 may have wanted the first victim of the attacks to be a
particularly well-regarded person so as to increase the amount of outrage
the attacks would cause. They selected Lewin for this unfortunate role
because they determined he was someone who stood out from the crowd and
would therefore be particularly missed. (Indeed, a memorial service for
him at MIT was attended by over 1,000 people. [102]) They then found a
way to ensure he would take Flight 11 on September 11.
Something that may support this possibility is the claim that Lewin
was only on the doomed flight because of a change of schedule. As
previously mentioned, he was originally meant to fly to Los Angeles with
some other Akamai executives on September 10, according to one of his
colleagues. [103] Although he supposedly took a later flight so he could
deal with some issues at Akamai headquarters, it is surely possible that
there was a different as yet unknown reason for his change of
plans.
But while Lewin was an exceptional man, relatively little attention
has been paid to his extraordinary and fascinating life story, including
his key role in the events of September 11. Molly Knight Raskin said she
was astonished that many years after 9/11 she had been unaware of the
story of the first victim of the attacks. "I lived in New York City
on September 11th, 2001 ... and I was just really surprised that in all
of the stories that came out of that day, I had never heard his,"
she commented.
She was also surprised that Lewin had achieved so much in his short
life. "When I heard Danny's story, my first response was: 'This
can't be true. This person cannot possibly have accomplished all this by
such a young age,'" she recalled. [104] She remarked that as a
journalist she knew from experience that Lewin's story was something that
was "begging to be told" and so ought to have been reported
extensively. [105]
Might the lack of attention have come about because authorities
feared that awareness of suspicious aspects of it could have caused
people to start wondering whether there was more to the events of
September 11 than the official narrative of 9/11 suggests? In particular,
greater attention to Lewin's story could have led people to question the
dubious official account of how Lewin was murdered.
Daniel Lewin's story should surely receive more attention. While
Lewin deserves recognition for his considerable achievements,
investigation of aspects of his life might reveal important new details
about 9/11, which could increase our knowledge of what really happened on
September 11 and who was responsible for the terrorist attacks that
day.
[b]NOTES[/b]
[1] "Molly Knight Raskin." [i]Costa Report[/i], Genesis
Communications Network, May 5, 2014.
[2] 9/11 Commission, [i]The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of
the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States[/i].
New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004, pp. 4-6; [i]Staff Report: The
Four Flights[/i]. 9/11 Commission, August 26, 2004, p. 8.
[3] Anne E. Lewin, interview by the FBI. Federal Bureau of
Investigation, September 18, 2001; Steven Wolfe Pereira, "The Day
After." Medium, September 12, 2016; Mitchell Zuckoff, [i]Fall and
Rise: The Story of 9/11[/i]. New York: HarperCollins, 2019, pp.
38-39.
[4] David Brinn, "A Model Life and a Heroic Death."
[i]Jerusalem Post[/i], September 8, 2011; Anthony Summers, "The
Eleventh Day." [i]New York Post[/i], September 11, 2011.
[5] [i]Staff Report: The Four Flights[/i], pp. 6, 8; Molly Knight
Raskin, [i]No Better Time: The Brief, Remarkable Life of Danny Lewin, the
Genius Who Transformed the Internet[/i]. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press, 2013,
p. 203; Molly Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight
11." [i]Psychology Today[/i], September 2, 2013.
[6] 9/11 Commission, [i]The 9/11 Commission Report[/i], pp. 4-5, 7;
Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], pp. 202-203.
[7] "Transcripts of 9/11 Telephone Calls: Betty Ong to Vanessa
Minter, Winston Sadler, and Nydia Gonzalez (AA Raleigh Reservations
Office)." American Airlines, September 11, 2001; [i]Staff Report:
The Four Flights[/i], p. 8.
[8] Nydia E. Gonzalez, interview by the FBI. Federal Bureau of
Investigation, September 12, 2001; [i]Staff Report: The Four Flights[/i],
p. 12.
[9] Evelyn Nunez, interview by the FBI. Federal Bureau of
Investigation, September 11, 2001; Michael Woodward, interview by the
FBI. Federal Bureau of Investigation, September 11, 2001; [i]Staff
Report: The Four Flights[/i], pp. 10-11.
[10] 9/11 Commission, [i]The 9/11 Commission Report[/i], p.
5.
[11] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], pp. 218-219.
[12] David Brinn, "A Model Life and a Heroic
Death."
[13] Anne E. Lewin, interview by the FBI; Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No
Better Time[/i], pp. 4, 25.
[14] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 4; Molly Knight
Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight 11"; Todd Leopold,
"The Legacy of Danny Lewin, the First Man to Die on 9/11." CNN,
September 11, 2013; Liel Leibovitz, "Remembering Tech Titan Danny
Lewin, the Fighting Genius on Flight 11." [i]Tablet[/i], September
11, 2013.
[15] David Brinn, "A Model Life and a Heroic Death"; Molly
Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight 11."
[16] Tom Leighton, "Remarks Made by Tom Leighton to Commemorate
the Naming of the STOC Best Student Paper Award in Honor of the Late
Daniel Lewin." Speech, Montreal, Canada, May 19, 2002. ACM Special
Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory.
[17] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], pp. 113-114; Molly
Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight 11"; Peter
High, "Akamai CEO on the Company's Push Toward Cybersecurity."
[i]Forbes[/i], March 25, 2019.
[18] Jack Schofield, "Daniel Lewin." [i]The Guardian[/i],
September 15, 2001; David Brinn, "A Model Life and a Heroic
Death"; Molly Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight
11."
[19] Ronny Lifschitz, "Daniel Lewin--Akamai: Outstanding
Student." [i]Israel's Business Arena[/i], December 22, 1999.
[20] Bridget Finn, "A Star is Reborn." [i]Business
2.0[/i], July 2005.
[21] "MIT and Akamai Plan a Faster Way to Distribute Content
Over the Web." [i]Gilbane Advisor[/i], January 13, 1999.
[22] Alan Edelman, "Akamai Technologies: A Mathematical Success
Story." [i]SIAM News[/i], December 1999.
[23] Regina Joseph, "Aloha Akamai." [i]Forbes[/i], June
18, 1999; Akamai, "Akamai Doubles Customer Base to 200 in Six
Weeks." News release, January 5, 2000; David Brinn, "A Model
Life and a Heroic Death."
[24] Paul Spinrad, "The New Cool." [i]Wired[/i], August
1999.
[25] Judy Maltz, "He Went Down Fighting." [i]Haaretz[/i],
November 11, 2001.
[26] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 5.
[27] Ibid. pp. 30-31; Liel Leibovitz, "Remembering Tech Titan
Danny Lewin, the Fighting Genius on Flight 11."
[28] "Lewin." [i]Chicago Tribune[/i], September 17, 2001;
Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 4.
[29] Rich Cohen, "Stealth Warriors." [i]Vanity Fair[/i],
December 2001; Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], pp. 34-36,
38.
[30] Paul Sperry, "Lewin: Flight 11's Unsung Hero?"
WorldNetDaily, March 27, 2002.
[31] Molly Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight
11"; Todd Leopold, "The Legacy of Danny Lewin, the First Man to
Die on 9/11."
[32] Judy Maltz, "He Went Down Fighting"; Molly Knight
Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 37.
[33] Paul Sperry, "Lewin: Flight 11's Unsung Hero?"
[34] [i]11 September: The Plot and the Plotters[/i]. Central
Intelligence Agency, June 1, 2003, p. 36.
[35] "Staff Statement No. 16: Outline of the 9/11 Plot."
9/11 Commission, June 16, 2004.
[36] [i]11 September: The Plot and the Plotters[/i], pp. 28, 36;
9/11 Commission, [i]The 9/11 Commission Report[/i], p. 232.
[37] "Hijackers Were From Wealthy Saudi Families."
[i]Sunday Times[/i], October 28, 2001.
[38] [i]Afghanistan Camps Central to 11 September Plot: Can
Al-Qa'ida Train on the Run?[/i] Central Intelligence Agency, June 20,
2003, pp. 2-3; 9/11 Commission, [i]The 9/11 Commission Report[/i], p.
234.
[39] Richard A. Serrano and John-Thor Dahlburg, "Officials Told
of 'Major Assault' Plans." [i]Los Angeles Times[/i], September 20,
2001; "Hijackers Timeline (Redacted), Part 2." Federal Bureau
of Investigation, November 14, 2003.
[40] Tim Golden and Michael Moss, "Unpolished Secret Agents
Were Able to Hide in Plain Sight." [i]New York Times[/i], September
23, 2001; Michael D. Sallah, "Terror Sprouts in Florida Sun."
[i]Toledo Blade[/i], September 30, 2001.
[41] Tom Leighton, "Remarks Made by Tom Leighton to Commemorate
the Naming of the STOC Best Student Paper Award in Honor of the Late
Daniel Lewin"; David Brinn, "A Model Life and a Heroic
Death."
[42] Paul Sperry, "Lewin: Flight 11's Unsung Hero?"
[43] Judy Maltz, "He Went Down Fighting."
[44] James Sayer, interview by the FBI. Federal Bureau of
Investigation, September 11, 2001; Michael Woodward, interview by the
FBI.
[45] "Transcripts of 9/11 Telephone Calls: Betty Ong to Vanessa
Minter, Winston Sadler, and Nydia Gonzalez (AA Raleigh Reservations
Office)"; Vanessa Dias Minter, interview by the FBI. Federal Bureau
of Investigation, September 12, 2001.
[46] Evelyn Nunez, interview by the FBI; "Memorandum for the
Record: Interview With Michael Woodward, American Airlines Flight Service
Manager on September 11, 2001." 9/11 Commission, January 25, 2004;
[i]Staff Report: The Four Flights[/i], p. 10.
[47] "ADA-30 Operations Center Activity Report, September
11-14, 2001." Federal Aviation Administration, September 2001;
"Briefing Flight AA 11." United States General Accounting
Office, August 30, 2002.
[48] "Executive Summary: September 11, 2001." Federal
Aviation Administration, September 11, 2001; "Briefing Flight AA
11"; Team 7, "Facts vs. Fiction." E-mail to Philip
Zelikow, 9/11 Commission, n.d.
[49] "Briefing Flight AA 11"; "Memorandum for the
Record: Phone Call With Janet Riffe, FAA's Principal Security Inspector
Assigned to American Airlines on 9/11." 9/11 Commission, September
11, 2003; "Memorandum for the Record: Interview With Janet Riffe,
FAA Principal Security Inspector for American Airlines." 9/11
Commission, February 26, 2004.
[50] "Memorandum for the Record: Phone Call With Janet Riffe,
FAA's Principal Security Inspector Assigned to American Airlines on
9/11"; "Memorandum for the Record: Interview With Suzanne
Clark, American Airlines Employee." 9/11 Commission, November 18,
2003.
[51] "Executive Summary: September 11, 2001."
[52] "Memorandum for the Record: Phone Call With Janet Riffe,
FAA's Principal Security Inspector Assigned to American Airlines on
9/11"; "Memorandum for the Record: Interview With Frances
Lozito." 9/11 Commission, May 11, 2004; Team 7, "Facts vs.
Fiction."
[53] Blake Morrison, "9/11 Group Troubled by Gun Report."
[i]USA Today[/i], February 27, 2002; Dan Eggen, "Airports Screened
Nine of Sept. 11 Hijackers, Officials Say." [i]Washington Post[/i],
March 2, 2002; "UPI Hears ..." United Press International,
March 6, 2002.
[54] "Briefing Flight AA 11."
[55] [i]Staff Report: The Four Flights[/i], pp. 16-17.
[56] "Memorandum for the Record: Interview With Suzanne Clark,
American Airlines Employee."
[57] Steven Wolfe Pereira, "The Day After."
[58] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], pp. 199-200.
[59] Brian McCullough, "The Brief, Remarkable Life of Danny
Lewin, Co-Founder of Akamai Technologies." [i]Internet History
Podcast[/i], podcast audio, December 8, 2014.
[60] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 210.
[61] Ibid. p. 132.
[62] Brian McCullough, "The Brief, Remarkable Life of Danny
Lewin, Co-Founder of Akamai Technologies."
[63] "Internet, Telecom Networks Put to Test in Wake of
Terrorist Strikes on U.S." [i]Network World[/i], September 17, 2001;
Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], pp. 211-212; Amy Newman
Smith, "Scaling the Internet." [i]Jewish Review of Books[/i],
Winter 2014.
[64] Carolyn Meinel, "Code Red: Worm Assault on the Web."
[i]Scientific American[/i], October 28, 2002; Amit Roy Choudhury,
"Internet's Gatekeeper." [i]Business Times[/i], September 24,
2016.
[65] Mark Reilly, "Code Red Wreaks Havoc."
[i]Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal[/i], August 26, 2001; Peter
High, "Akamai CEO on the Company's Push Toward
Cybersecurity."
[66] Andy Greenberg, "Weapons of Mass Disruption."
[i]Forbes[/i], April 8, 2010.
[67] Peter High, "Akamai CEO on the Company's Push Toward
Cybersecurity."
[68] Sarah Left, "Code Red Virus Traced to China." [i]The
Guardian[/i], August 31, 2001; Andy Greenberg, "Akamai: Funneling
Bits, Foiling Hackers." [i]Forbes[/i], July 1, 2010.
[69] Judy Maltz, "He Went Down Fighting."
[70] Marco Greenberg, "Finding the Next Danny."
[i]Haaretz[/i], September 5, 2008.
[71] Todd Leopold, "The Legacy of Danny Lewin, the First Man to
Die on 9/11."
[72] Richard Sisk and Monique El-Faizy, "First Victim Died a
Hero on Flt. 11." [i]New York Daily News[/i], July 24, 2004.
[73] Gil Rudawsky, "At 29, a Billionaire; at 31, a
Casualty." [i]Rocky Mountain News[/i], September 4, 2002; Judy
Maltz, "He Went Down Fighting"; Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No
Better Time[/i], p. 25.
[74] Molly Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight
11."
[75] Micah Lakin Avni, "9/11: The Day Israel Lost Her Future
Prime Minister." [i]Times of Israel[/i], September 11, 2016.
[76] "Paid Notice: Deaths, Lewin, Daniel M." [i]New York
Times[/i], September 17, 2001; Gil Rudawsky, "At 29, a Billionaire;
at 31, a Casualty"; "Akamai Remembers Danny Lewin."
Akamai, n.d.
[77] "Memorial Service for Daniel Lewin Scheduled for Thursday
in Kresge." MIT News, September 14, 2001; "Paid Notice: Deaths,
Lewin, Daniel M."; David Brinn, "A Model Life and a Heroic
Death."
[78] Molly Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight
11."
[79] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 48.
[80] Molly Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight
11."
[81] "EECS Students Garner Honors." MIT News, June 3,
1998; Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 83.
[82] Tom Leighton, "Remarks Made by Tom Leighton to Commemorate
the Naming of the STOC Best Student Paper Award in Honor of the Late
Daniel Lewin"; David Brinn, "A Model Life and a Heroic
Death."
[83] Regina Joseph, "Aloha Akamai"; Molly Knight Raskin,
[i]No Better Time[/i], p. 160.
[84] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 138; Molly
Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight 11."
[85] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], p. 200; Dave
Hennessy, "Tiffany Mosher--Dataxu." [i]Hennessy Report[/i],
podcast transcript, April 4, 2019.
[86] "Akamai Technologies Stock Surges on First Trading
Day." Associated Press, October 30, 1999; Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No
Better Time[/i], pp. 175-178; Molly Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who
Perished on Flight 11."
[87] Clint Willis, "The 100 Highest Rollers."
[i]Forbes[/i], April 2, 2001.
[88] "The Enterprise Systems Power 100: Our Picks for Today's
Top IT Leaders." [i]Enterprise Systems[/i], July 2001.
[89] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], pp. 221-222; Molly
Knight Raskin, "The Genius Who Perished on Flight 11."
[90] Tom Leighton, "Remarks Made by Tom Leighton to Commemorate
the Naming of the STOC Best Student Paper Award in Honor of the Late
Daniel Lewin."
[91] Todd Leopold, "The Legacy of Danny Lewin, the First Man to
Die on 9/11."
[92] Gil Rudawsky, "At 29, a Billionaire; at 31, a
Casualty."
[93] Craig Playstead, "Remembering 9/11: The Smartest Person I
Ever Met." Medium, September 11, 2016.
[94] David Brinn, "A Model Life and a Heroic
Death."
[95] Micah Lakin Avni, "9/11: The Day Israel Lost Her Future
Prime Minister."
[96] Team 7, "Facts vs. Fiction."
[97] "Memorandum for the Record: Interview With Michael
Woodward, American Airlines Flight Service Manager on September 11,
2001"; [i]Staff Report: The Four Flights[/i], p. 11.
[98] Molly Knight Raskin, [i]No Better Time[/i], pp. 37-38.
[99] Peter High, "Akamai CEO on the Company's Push Toward
Cybersecurity."
[100] Robert Lemos, "Code Red for Security." CNET News,
July 27, 2001.
[101] Peter High, "Akamai CEO on the Company's Push Toward
Cybersecurity."
[102] Gil Rudawsky, "At 29, a Billionaire; at 31, a
Casualty."
[103] Steven Wolfe Pereira, "The Day After."
[104] "No Better Time: The Story of Danny Lewin With Author
Molly Knight Raskin." [i]Dr. Pat Show[/i], Transformation Talk
Radio, February 25, 2014.
[105] "Q&A With Author Molly Knight Raskin." Book Q&As
With Deborah Kalb, October 1, 2013.
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'From South America, where payment must be made with
subtlety, the Bormann organization has made a substantial contribution.
It has drawn many of the brightest Jewish businessmen into a
participatory role in the development of many of its corporations, and
many of these Jews share their prosperity most generously with Israel. If
their proposals are sound, they are even provided with a specially
dispensed venture capital fund. I spoke with one Jewish businessmen in
Hartford, Connecticut. He had arrived there quite unknown several years
before our conversation, but with Bormann money as his leverage. Today he
is more than a millionaire, a quiet leader in the community with a
certain share of his profits earmarked as always for his venture capital
benefactors. This has taken place in many other instances across America
and demonstrates how Bormann’s people operate in the contemporary
commercial world, in contrast to the fanciful nonsense with which Nazis
are described in so much “literature.”
So much emphasis is placed on select Jewish participation in Bormann
companies that when Adolf Eichmann was seized and taken to Tel Aviv to
stand trial, it produced a shock wave in the Jewish and German
communities of Buenos Aires. Jewish leaders informed the Israeli
authorities in no uncertain terms that this must never happen again
because a repetition would permanently rupture relations with the Germans
of Latin America, as well as with the Bormann organization, and cut off
the flow of Jewish money to Israel. It never happened again, and the
pursuit of Bormann quieted down at the request of these Jewish leaders.
He is residing in an Argentinian safe haven, protected by the most
efficient German infrastructure in history as well as by all those whose
prosperity depends on his well-being.'
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