The podcast documentary concentrates on the Premier League, but I think the same is true for lots of other sports. "Fire Sticks" (using the term generically rather than only Amazon devices) that run Android and can have pirate streaming apps "sideloaded" onto them have proliferated enormously. Lots of people are very open about the fact that they have one of these to stream sports.
If you don't know, it basically works like this. You either already have a Fire Stick or similar, and you find someone advertising on WhatsApp. They'll point you to a website where you download an app to your Fire Stick. You then pay someone an amount of money for access to the app. In the UK that might be £60 ($79) for a year's access, and you get everything. Every sport from Premier League to F1 to PPV Boxing. It might not come with English commentary, and it might not have the usual graphics or presentation that you're familiar with, but you get the sport that you want, with the streams themselves often being sourced from an overseas location. (Sidenote: In the UK, Premier League games often briefly display numbers in the corner of the screen during the match. They're bespoke to my box, and mean that if I pirated my feed, the Premier League's anti-piracy people could trace the source of the pirate feed directly to me!).
The way that access is sold to these pirate apps is similar to drug dealers. There are higher level folk who have distributors and then dealers on the ground. The dealers are easiest to catch of course, and they're probably using PayPal or direct bank transfers to collect their money (Venmo isn't really a thing in the UK). So that's easy to trace. But further up the chain it probably turns into crypto and is much harder to follow. Organised crime gangs are running many of these schemes, with the servers themselves being located overseas.
But obviously, as sports costs rise, and subscriptions are increased to account for those costs, it becomes more attractive to more people to go to piracy which is probably seen as a "victimless crime".
Incidentally, Amazon's very latest Fire Sticks no longer use Android and you can no longer sideload apps onto them. Amazon, of course, is invested in streaming sports itself, and was probably under pressure from sports rights owners to do something. But there are a multitude of no-name generic Android sticks that you can buy on Amazon very cheaply and that can do the same thing.
Adam