I have found two things that can cause this error message when running cuffdiff 2.2.1. No doubt there are more.
1. If the output file already exists (e.g. one started cuffdiff but it failed because of a type in one of the filenames). You need to delete the output file before running it again.
2. If you run Tophat and one of the replicates gives the following warning:
WARNING: read pairing issues detected (check pre_reads log) !
Apparently it is possible to get the sample to run by changing the bam files to sam files, but I just threw out this replicate (and the output file from the dud run) and cuffdiff ran quite happily.
I hope this may help somebody.
David