This probably has to do with the DNS server on your new router combined with the way your VPN is set up.
One thing you can look into is if the new router is set to do anything odd with DNS. Perhaps there is a bad setting or something.
If not, I think the bottom line if you continue to use the new router is that you should manually enter DNS servers to your computer's network setup and use the "Do not set nameserver" setting in Tunnelblick. You can set the nameservers to
Google's Public DNS service, or
OpenDNS, or any other public DNS service.
Here's a semi-technical explanation:
Usually, a VPN is set up to "push" DNS server addresses to a client computer (your computer). So when the VPN is active, all DNS requests go through the VPN to the VPN server or a DNS server on the VPN network. Your setup does not do that, so your computer continues to use the DNS server that it used before the VPN was connected. That can be problematic, because the DNS server may not work well with requests that come from the VPN instead of your computer (and some requests may appear to come from the VPN instead of your computer because, well, that's what VPNs do).
The reason I think the problem is DNS-related is two-fold:
- Chrome works but other browsers don't: Chrome bypasses the OS X DNS system and uses the Google Public DNS servers; other browsers don't. So if Chrome works but other browsers don't, there is a problem with the DNS system that other browsers are using. Since Tunnelblick/OpenVPN are not being instructed by the VPN server to change any DNS settings, the problematic DNS system is the one provided by OS X. In your case, that is specified to OS X by your router as one of the DHCP settings. That's why a different router gives you different results. (Usually the router would just pass on DNS settings obtained from your ISP, but apparently your new browser isn't doing that, or has some other problem with DNS.)
- Tunnelblick's check for an IP address change took 11 seconds to complete. Usually it takes a fraction of a second. There could be other explanations for this, but the most likely is a DNS problem resolving the "tunnelblick.net" name into an IP address.