Re: Public Administration By Dr Sultan Khan Pdf
Christal Rasband
Olumuyiwa Temitope Faluyi is a Doctoral candidate with the University of KwaZulu-Natal, his interests are located within the broader spectrum of counter-terrorism in Africa and politics of federalism, power sharing and national integration, public administration and policy. He has presented in local and international conferences. He is an associate member of the Chartered Institute of Personnel Management of Nigeria.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on public administration. It covers 9 topics in paper 1, including definitions of public administration, approaches like new public management, and the role of citizens. Paper 2 covers 8 topics related to organizational structure and management in government, including the structure of federal and local governments, intergovernmental relationships, financial administration, and managing human resources. It lists 20 recommended books on subjects like public policy, development governance, and comparative public administration.Read less
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DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES.
The course gives an overview of public administration concepts,management theories,political issues and administrative functions. The students will learn basic terms and cocepts of governance and public administration and how to apply them; how governments are organized,including the roles, responsibilities and accountabilities associated with executive, administrative and judical powers; how public administration prvides a background for understanding public institutions and processes;and the relationship between the principles of democracy and public administration.
INTENDED COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES.
1- At the end of this course, students are expected to have basic understanding regarding public administration concepts, management theroies, political issues and administrative functions.
2- It is expounded the sufficient knowledge about law relating to public administration in its social, legal and political background.
3- To provide basice infomation regarding the activity of state performed by the Cente, Provincial and Local government and their principles and tools of administration for maintaining good governance in a democratic state.
RESEACH PROJECT.
The assignment topic regarding on the relevant subject is provided to each student of the class for the research purpose. The lenght of this topic shall not be less than 10 pages. Each student will be participated on the on the relevant topic in class.Some questions are asked by the teacher and other students of the class.
In 1815, the fight for the independence of the Spanish colonies in Latin America was on the defensive. Simn Bolvar, a member of the Venezuelan planter class and a leading figure in the movement, was in exile. From the island of Jamaica, he issued a letter analyzing the current and future perspectives of the independence struggle. An admirer of the British parliamentary system, Bolvar argued for a balance of power in the different branches of government, although later he asserted strong executive rule while in power.
Sensible though I am of the interest you desire to take in the fate of my country, and of your commiseration with her for the tortures she has suffered from the time of her discovery until the present at the hands of her destroyers, the Spaniards, I am no less sensible of the obligation which your solicitous inquiries about the principal objects of American policy place upon me. Thus, I find myself in conflict between the desire to reciprocate your confidence, which honors me, and the difficulty of rewarding it, for lack of documents and books and because of my own limited knowledge of a land so vast, so varied, and so little known as the New World. In my opinion it is impossible to answer the questions that you have so kindly posed [. . .] because, although some of the facts about America and her development are known, I dare say the better part are shrouded in mystery. Accordingly, only conjectures that are more or less approximate can be made, especially with regard to her future and the true plans of the Americans, inasmuch as our continent has within it potentialities for every facet of development revealed in the history of nations, by reason of its physical characteristics and because of the hazards of war and the uncertainties of politics.
As I feel obligated to give due consideration to your esteemed letter and to the philanthropic intentions prompting it, I am impelled to write you these words, wherein you will certainly not find the brilliant thoughts you seek but rather a candid statement of my ideas.
At present the contrary attitude persists: we are threatened with the fear of death, dishonor, and every harm; there is nothing we have not suffered at the hands of that unnatural stepmother-Spain. The veil has been torn asunder. We have already seen the light, and it is not our desire to be thrust back into darkness. The chains have been broken; we have been freed, and now our enemies seek to enslave us anew. For this reason America fights desperately, and seldom has desperation failed to achieve victory.
Because successes have been partial and spasmodic, we must not lose faith. In some regions the Independents triumph, while in others the tyrants have the advantage. What is the end result? Is not the entire New World in motion, armed for defense? We have but to look around us on this hemisphere to witness a simultaneous struggle at every point.
The war-like state of the La Plata River provinces has purged that territory and led their victorious armies to Upper Peru, arousing Arequipa and worrying the royalists in Lima. Nearly one million inhabitants there now enjoy liberty.
The territory of Chile, populated by 800,000 souls, is fighting the enemy who is seeking her subjugation; but to no avail, because those who long ago put an end to the conquests of this enemy, the free and indomitable Araucarias, are their neighbors and compatriots. Their sublime example is proof to those fighting in Chile that a people who love independence will eventually achieve it.
The viceroyalty of Peru, whose population approaches a million and a half inhabitants, without doubt suffers the greatest subjection and is obliged to make the most sacrifices for the royal cause; and, although the thought of cooperating with that part of America may be vain, the fact remains that it is not tranquil, nor is it capable of restraining the torrent that threatens most of its provinces.
The islands of Puerto Rico and Cuba, with a combined population of perhaps 700,000 to 800,000 souls, are the most tranquil possessions of the Spaniards, because they are not within range of contact with the Independents. But are not the people of those islands Americans? Are they not maltreated? Do they not desire a better life?
Europe could do Spain a service by dissuading her from her rash obstinacy, thereby at least sparing her the costs she is incurring and the blood she is expending. And if she will fix her attention on her own precincts she can build her prosperity and power upon more solid foundations than doubtful conquests, precarious commerce, and forceful exactions from remote and powerful peoples. Europe herself, as a matter of common sense policy, should have prepared and executed the project of American independence, not alone because the world balance of power so necessitated, but also because this is the legitimate and certain means through which Europe can acquire overseas commercial establishments. A Europe that is not moved by the violent passions of vengeance, ambition, and greed, as is Spain, would seem to be entitled, by all the rules of equity, to make clear to Spain where her best interests lie.
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