reenglas fabyanna glenrowen
Hasan Fogg
The safety factor is not intended to compensate for inadequate design or analysis. Formwork and concrete shoring loads can increase due to the multiple spans of walers, joists, stringers and strongbacks. In engineering, this phenomenon is known as continuity. The continuity of joists and stringers can increase the load on a shoring leg as much as 50% and should be a concern of any falsework designer. However, the latest edition of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) SP-4 Formwork for Concrete book has led some designers to the conclusion that a thorough analysis is not necessary for temporary works and that a safety factor is sufficient to counterbalance inaccurate results. Unfortunately, these falsework designers believe that a simplified analysis can be employed, justifying the approach by arguing that the safety factor will offset a sloppy design.
It is our experience that this method is not adequate and should not be employed when designing concrete shoring; this is especially relevant for multi-level concrete shoring that requires the use of reshores. The safety factor that is required for formwork and shoring components/systems accounts for human error and other unforeseen events. It was never intended to be used as a design tool. Without considering continuity, the calculated load on any post or shoring leg in a multi-span system will not be a true representation of the loads that these components will be supporting, ultimately leading to a potential failure. In multi-level shoring and reshoring applications, the reshoring loads can be grossly under reported. This could lead to overload of the floors, soil or sill carrying the shoring and reshore loads, or worse.
So what does this mean for contractors? The answer is that you must understand how the concrete shoring loads on your next pour are determined, and what methodology was utilized to calculate these loads. You must ensure that your entire team is on the same page (especially your shoring and reshoring designers), and that you understand the potential risks involved in employing methodology such as that suggested in ACI SP-4. When in doubt, simply ask your concrete shoring designer questions!
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Corequisite: Course or courses that must be taken in a previous term or in the same term
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The course description summarizes the purpose and key topical areas of the course, and includes special requirements if they exist. It indicates the mode of instruction, such as lecture and/or laboratory; if no mode is indicated, the course is supervised independent study. If a course can be taken more than once for credit, the description will indicate that either major credit or total credit is limited to a specified number of units. Some course descriptions end with information about whether the course was "formerly" another course or whether the course is cross-listed. A cross-listed course is the same course offered within multiple subject areas, MCRO/WVIT 301 Wine Microbiology for example.
Introduction to the fundamental concepts and overview of the essential elements associated with the construction profession, to include: construction trends, ethics, safety and health issues, and professional practice methods. 2 lectures.
Exploration of the various materials, assemblies, and processes used and applied in the building construction process. Includes presentation, discussion, analysis, study and research of construction materials and assemblies. 2 lectures.
Exploration of the various materials, assemblies, and processes used and applied in the building construction process. Includes presentation, discussion, analysis, study and research of construction materials and assemblies. 2 laboratories.
Production of drawings and specifications for residential and light commercial construction. Integration of scheduling, estimating, codes, and contracts with a project based approach. Manual drawing techniques and computer aided drafting with building information modeling develop visualization skills for architectural systems. 4 laboratories, 2 activities.
Materials, methods, and techniques associated with residential and light commercial construction operations. Topics include shallow foundations, timber and masonry framing, roofing, and exterior and interior finishes. Scheduling, estimating, and construction contracts are integrated into a project based approach. 3 laboratories, 2 activities.
Theory and practice of plane surveying with an emphasis on construction applications. Topics include property use and care of survey equipment and instruments, distance measurement, leveling, angular measurement, construction layout, basic roadwork, and as-built surveys. 3 lectures, 1 laboratory.
Use of building information modeling software to emphasize residential, commercial, and heavy civil assembly methods and techniques. BIM drafting applications integrated with construction materials, details, and assemblies supporting the understanding of the construction building process. Course may be offered in classroom-based, online, or hybrid format. 2 activities.
Construction means, methods, and techniques related to the built environment including residential, commercial, heavy civil and HVACR construction. Focus on the major construction material assemblies and systems with an emphasis on constructability, best practices, and application. Field trips required. 4 lectures.
Materials, methods, and techniques associated with large commercial and institutional construction operations. Topics include building systems analysis of foundations, waterproofing, structural framing, exterior cladding, and finishes. Scheduling, estimating, and construction contracts are integrated into a project based approach. 3 laboratories, 2 activities.
Materials, methods, and techniques associated with civil engineering projects and heavy construction operations. Topics include tunnel, bridge, dam, and road construction; equipment selection; and temporary structures. Scheduling, estimating, and construction contracts are integrated into a project based approach. 3 laboratories, 2 activities.
Interdisciplinary analysis of sustainable strategies and technologies to enhance the built environment. A systems approach to green building science that includes sustainable site development, water use efficiency, renewable energy, improving material use, indoor environmental quality, and design innovation. Course may be offered in classroom-based or online format. 4 lectures. Fulfills GE Area Upper-Division B (GE Areas B5, B6, or B7 for students on the 2019-20 catalog).
Prerequisite:Junior standing; completion of GE Area A with grades of C- or better; one course in GE Area B4 with a grade of C- or better (GE Area B1 for students on the 2019-20 or earlier catalogs); and one lower-division course in GE Area D.
An overview of the social, economic, environmental and cultural impacts of housing on communities and nations. Students are presented with varied perspectives to understand the different facets of housing and their impacts on the human experience. Course may be offered in classroom-based or online format. 4 lectures. Fulfills GE Upper-Division D (GE Area D5 for students on the 2019-20 or earlier catalogs).
The intersection of law and the construction industry. Topics of study include a survey of most major legal issues potentially encountered during construction activity. Course may be offered in classroom-based, online, or hybrid format. 2 activities.
Fundamentals of construction accounting principles to include income recognition, job cost control, cash flow analysis and associated cost reports. Course may be offered in classroom-based or online format. 2 activities.
Theory and practice of planning, scheduling, estimating, and reporting for construction projects. Fundamentals of scheduling logic including critical path, deterministic, and probabilistic scheduling; including the impact of constraints. Identifying resources and estimating time requirements for design activities and project operations. Not open to Architectural Engineering or Construction Management majors. 3 lectures, 1 activity. Crosslisted as CE/CM 371.
Materials, methods, and techniques associated with mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Topics include heating, ventilating, air conditioning, power distribution, grounding, lighting, communication, fire detection/protection, and plumbing. Integration of scheduling, estimating, and construction subcontracts with a project based approach. 3 laboratories, 2 activities.
Management activities applicable to the construction process involving techniques, applications, and theory needed in a jobsite environment. Addresses the relationships, roles, and perspectives of all stakeholders. Integrated utilization of temporary structures associated with field construction. Course may be offered in classroom-based, online, or hybrid format. 3 laboratories, 2 activities.
Team based collaborative effort to analyze and evaluate the unique interdisciplinary challenges associated with coordinating and integrating the design and construction processes to deliver a project with respect to the design, budget, schedule, quality, and performance expectations of a client. Not open to students with credit in CM 450. 4 laboratories.
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