تنزيل Scratch 2
Roser Blazado
Its soft responsive performance pads give you the freedom to access cues, rolls, and sampler quickly. The pad mode makes it very convenient to set hot cue points, roll temporary loops, and trigger samples at ease.
Our butter-smooth Innofader crossfader is designed with the turntablist in mind to perform most intricate and accurate scratches. You have two switches above the crossfader; 1.) reverse the channels and the other 2.) change the slope for a hard cut or a soft curve for mixing.
Looping made easy. Keep the beat going by pressing the encoder down, and it will lop to the default parameters set in your software. Turn the knob to the right to extend the beat and to the left to shorten the loop.
Scratch has all the necessities with premium features for any setup. There is an XLR main output and unbalanced booth output for the best booth/dance floor experience. There are unbalanced inputs for both line and phono inputs for each channel. A microphone/auxiliary input for XLR or -inch TS controlled by the mic level knob on the mixer gives you all the versatility you could ask for.
Coatings are used in the production of almost everything, from surgical implants to hand-held devices and computer hard disks to turbocharged internal combustion engines. The manufacturing of an automobile is incomplete without coatings, which are both decorative and functional. Some of the fundamental functions of coatings include modifying the tribiological behavior of a surface by altering the friction, enhancing the aesthetic appeal by modifying the optical properties of the surface, and minimizing surface and sub-surface damage, thereby enhancing the performance and reliability of products.
It can be seen in Figure 1B that the width of the scratch increases as the linear scratch progresses with increasing normal force. The zigzag scratch is another type of progressive load scratch test. In this test, the stylus oscillates along one direction (Y) and a scratch test with increasing load is simultaneously performed in a perpendicular direction (X). Figures 2A and 2B show the load and scratch-width profiles of a zigzag scratch test.
The damage levels can be differentiated more clearly using the constant load scratch test. Although this test requires a larger specimen surface and more test time, it provides statistically reliable results. This test is extensively used in research and process development of coatings. In the constant load scratch test, a constant normal load produces a series of scratches for determining the critical loads. An optical microscope is used for examining each scratch for failure of the coating and for determining the critical load. In order to confirm failure, the acoustic emission (AE) and electrical contact resistance (ECR) data may also be determined based on the electrical characteristics of the coating.
This test can be performed in a single direction or in the X-Y direction. For unidirectional scratch tests, the stylus is moved in a single direction with a constant normal force, the corresponding schematic load and scratch width profiles are shown in Figures 3A and 3B.
The stylus is moved alternately in the X and Y directions with a constant normal load for the X-Y scratch method. Figures 4A and 4B show the schematic load and scratch path. Figure 4B shows that the spacing between two consecutive scratches in the X direction is reduced gradually. The extent of flaw tolerance of the specimen can be determined by the failure mode in these tests. At the critical spacing, failure occurs due to the micro-cracks that were formed or subsurface stresses induced during earlier scratching in the X direction.
The adhesion energy can be accurately determined by using blade-type geometry rather than sharp-tip geometry. On completing the test, the lateral force is plotted against the scratch distance. The adhesion energy that is obtained from the area under the Fx versus distance curve plot can be used for comparing the adhesion strength of these micro-features.
A tungsten carbide microblade of 400m tip radius and a DFH-5 sensor were used to perform the scratch test. The microblade was installed under the force sensor and the coated sample was mounted on the Y-stage. An initial load of 1N was applied on the sample via the microblade, and then the specimen was moved by a distance of 5mm at a speed of 0.02mm/s. While the specimen was being moved, the vertical load was gradually increased from 1 to 45N and the corresponding values of ECR, Fx, Fz and AE were recorded. Images of the complete scratch were captured automatically after the test was completed.
It is evident from figure 5 that the control of Fz was excellent. The figure also depicts an optical micrograph of the complete scratch, where the image ruler depicts the image dimension (ΔX) between the horizontal lines segments in yellow and the related Y position. Using the image ruler, the optical image measurements are made by placing the line segments at appropriate positions with the help of a mouse pointer. At a distance of 4mm before the start of scratch, a sharp dip is seen in the electrical contact resistance plot along with a rising trend in Fx and high AE activities. At this point the optical image of the scratch demonstrated the beginning of delamination of the coating. It can be gathered from the ECR data, AE and Fx values and the optical image that the coating starts to fail at 4mm from the start of the scratch. The scratch adhesion value of the coating was derived from the Fz value at which the failure of coating occurred, which was found to be 39.6N.
Magnetic disk substrates have a submicron thick diamond-like carbon layer (DLC) coating with a lubricant layer on top. The disk is coated with DLC in order to protect it from corrosion and scratches by maintaining low friction. The high elasticity and hardness of the coating enhances the compatibility of the lubricant and minimizes the surface roughness. The progressive scratch method was not chosen for this test based on the mechanical properties and thickness of the film. Instead, the study of the thin and hard films was conducted using the zigzag test method.
The Fx, COF, Fz and AE were plotted against the scratch distance (Figure 6) after performing the zigzag scratch test on the magnetic disk. A Rockwell indenter of 200m tip radius was used for the zigzag scratch test and the scratch distance was maintained as 2mm along the X direction with a velocity of 4m/s. Over a scratch distance of 2mm along the X direction the normal load was increased linearly from 0.5 to 20N with the stylus oscillating in the Y direction. Three distinct regions are observed on the optical image shown at the top of figure 6. The first area shows the removal of the topmost lubricant layer. The second area shows the failure of DLC coating, represented in blue, and an increase in the AE and COF values at an Fz of 7.3N. The last area shows the scratching of the magnetic layer beneath the DLC and high values of COF and AE activity.
In the Y direction, the length of the scratch was found to be 120m and the X-spacing between successive scratches was 60, 40, 30, 20, 15, 10, and 5m, respectively. A constant normal load of 10m was used for the test. Failure of the coating occurred between the sixth and the seventh scratch at a critical X- spacing of 10m, as shown in Figure 8. The micro-cracks formed during earlier passes initiated the failure due to delamination.
The scratch test is an important step in the QC and R&D activities for thin films and coatings used for microelectronic, packaging, decorative, tribiological and biomedical applications. All kinds of complex scratch tests can be performed on the TriboLab universal scratch test system from Bruker. The scratch test system is equipped with automated optical imaging for comprehensive evaluation of coating and thin film materials.
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Scratch testing is a vital technique in material science that enables researchers to evaluate the mechanical properties of various materials. A scratch tester, an essential instrument in this process, creates controlled scratches or cuts on the surface of a material, allowing scientists to measure its adhesive, cohesive and wear resistance. As new materials with increasingly complex structures and properties continue to be developed, the importance of scratch testing grows. In this article, we will delve into the definition of scratch tester and explore the significance of scratch testing in material science, as well as discuss the different types of scratch tests, their applications, and how to interpret the results.
A Nanovea nano scratch or micro scratch tester enables precise examination of surface scratches at critical load points using an advanced integrated video microscope system. The data collected during the scratch test, including visible critical locations, friction, depth, and load, can be utilized to determine various scratch properties for diverse film/substrate combinations. By quantifying all aspects of a scratch, researchers can enhance and optimize coating materials for specific applications. Throughout the scratch test, real-time measurements such as friction, normal force, and true depth are recorded. True Depth measurements, based on European Patent No. 0663068, ensure accurate elastic and plastic deformation analysis resulting from a scratch.
Nanovea conducts scratch testing in compliance with established standards, ensuring accurate and reliable results for evaluating the mechanical properties of materials, while also offering tailored testing solutions designed for unique applications.
Scratch tester works by using a stylus with a defined geometry that moves across the surface while gradually increasing the load. This process measures the depth of the scratch or the force required to initiate the scratch as a function of the applied load. However, factors like stylus shape and size, sliding speed, temperature, and humidity can influence the scratch testing results. To get reliable data on mechanical characteristics, researchers must choose the most appropriate type of scratch resistance test for each material. Different types of scratch tests include single-pass progressive or constant load scratch tests, multi-pass or reciprocating constant load scratch tests, each with unique advantages and limitations. By using scratch testers, scientists can gain insights into the mechanical behavior of materials and develop new materials with improved properties.
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