1999 Instrumental

[Oswald Lemus]

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Mortality rates are a widely used measure of hospital quality. A central problem with this measure is selection bias: simply put, severely ill patients may choose high quality hospitals. We control for severity of illness with an instrumental variables (IV) framework using geographic location data. We use IV to examine the quality of pneumonia care in Southern California from 1989 to 1994. We find that the IV quality estimates are markedly different from traditional GLS estimates, and that IV reveals different determinants of quality. Econometric tests suggest that the IV model is appropriately specified, that the GLS model is inconsistent.

It's been over two years since Joanna Newsom released her last record, but Drag City today posted something that should make fans happy: an unearthed Newsom recording from 1999, featuring six minutes of instrumental harp music "from the rich soil of the past," the label writes.

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PITTSBURGH, Nov. 6 -- Harvey White, a professor in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs (GSPIA) at the University of Pittsburgh, is leading an effort to plan and organize the second annual International Conference on Public Management and Development Administration, to be held in Accra, Ghana, July 24-28.

11 countries. The aim of the conference is to create an international forum that encourages institutional linkages, faculty exchanges and collaborative research activities between public service professionals in Africa and the United States. A key objective is strengthening and promoting the sustainable development of historically disadvantaged communities.

White traveled to Ghana earlier this year to meet with members of parliament, civil servants, university officials and representatives of non-government organizations (NGOs) and training organizations. He will return to Ghana in December to finish the planning process.

The 1999 conference is cosponsored by GSPIA, along with other public service organizations in the U.S. and Africa. It has the full support of the Ghanaian Office of the Civil Service, the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration and the W.E.B. DuBois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture.

With mean instrumental variables regression, k-class estimators have the potential to reduce bias, which is larger with weak instruments. With instrumental variables quantile regression, weak instrument-robust estimation is even more important because there is less guidance for assessing instrument strength. Motivated by this, we introduce an analogous k-class of estimators for instrumental variables quantile regression. We show the first-order asymptotic distribution under strong instruments is equivalent for all conventional choices of k. We evaluate finite-sample median bias in simulations for a variety of k, including the k for the conventional k-class estimator corresponding to limited information maximum likelihood (LIML). Computation is fast for all k, and compared to the \(k=1\) benchmark estimator (analogous to 2SLS), using the LIML k reliably reduces median bias in a variety of data-generating processes, especially when the degree of overidentification is larger. We also revisit some empirical estimates of consumption Euler equations derived from quantile utility maximization. All code is provided online ( ).

The result follows by proving that difference between the two sample moment functions is \(o_p(n^-r)\) uniformly in \(\varvecb\in \mathcal B\) (the parameter space). From the definitions in (5) and (6),

From Theorem 1, any k-IVQR estimator that approximately solves the k-IVQR smoothed sample moment conditions (i.e., sets them to \(o_p(n^-r)\)) also approximately solves the smoothed sample moment conditions of de Castro et al. (2019). Set \(r=1/2\), so \(o_p(n^-r)\) is \(o_p(n^-1/2)\). In equation (A.9) of de Castro et al. (2019), in the proof of their Theorem 5 (asymptotic normality), replacing their smoothed estimator with the smoothed k-IVQR estimator changes the left-hand side from zero to \(o_p(n^-1/2)\). This then becomes \(o_p(1)\) in (A.10) after multiplying by \(\sqrtn\), so the first-order asymptotic distribution is unaffected.

Figure 5 repeats Fig. 1c but with different \(\rho \) and \(\tau \). The four graphs in Fig. 5 very similar to each other, and very similar to Fig. 1c. Of course, the absolute magnitude of median bias is larger with larger \(\rho \) (more endogeneity), all else equal, but the graphs show that the median bias relative to QR remains essentially unchanged. Also, it is certainly possible to construct a random-coefficient model such that the results actually do change with \(\tau \), but such changes would be due to the differences in the model at different \(\tau \), whereas this fixed-coefficient model helps isolate the (seemingly negligible) effect of \(\tau \) itself.

Figure 6 is the same as Figs. 1c and 2c but with the other combinations of model and covariance. With VC1, the model does not make any difference: the results with M2 in Fig. 6b are nearly identical to the results with M1 in Fig. 1c. With VC2, too, the model makes very little difference: the results with M1 in Fig. 6a are within a few percentage points of the results with M2 in Fig. 2c.

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The $114 million arena in the shadow of the Mercedes-Benz Superdome was approved by the Louisiana Legislature in 1993. The 18,500-seat facility, which originally featured a mint green exterior, was designed by noted architect Arthur Q. Davis.

It hosted its first event on Oct. 29, 1999: a minor-league hockey game between the New Orleans Brass and the Baton Rouge Kingfish, and a few days later it held its first concert featuring ZZ Top and Lynyrd Skynyrd.

In the winter of 1999 I was contacted by Ms. Julia Armstrong, a lawyer and professional mezzo-soprano living in Austin, Texas. She wanted to commission a choral work from me that would be premiered by the Austin ProChorus (Kinley Lange, cond.), a terrific chorus in which she regularly performed.

I took my time with the piece, crafting it note by note until I felt that it was exactly the way I wanted it. The poem is perfect, truly a gem, and my general approach was to try to get out of the way of the words and let them work their magic. We premiered the piece in Austin, October 2000, and the piece was well received. Rene Clausen gave it a glorious performance at the ACDA National Convention in the spring of 2001, and soon after I began receiving letters, emails, and phone calls from conductors trying to get a hold of the work.

After a LONG legal battle (many letters, many representatives), the estate of Robert Frost and their publisher, Henry Holt Inc., sternly and formally forbid me from using the poem for publication or performance until the poem became public domain in 2038.

I transcribed Sleep replacing the voices with the warm, earthy tones of the marimbas to make a seriously special marimba chorale. To contrast A Boy and a Girl contains some eighth note passages to convey momentum, whilst Lux Aurumque employs up to twelve mallets across the instruments to keep the original division of parts.

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