There's also electronic air pumps - just check Amazon, there's hundreds of models to choose from at every price point - they work as fast as cartridges and are as compact, but use normal air. Also air compressors at gas stations and bike shops.
Every tube on the planet (and tubeless tire) loses air slowly even when there is no puncture due to valve leakage and permeable skin pressure - a pump works best to keep your pressure where it should be.
And of course there are rigid tires, permanent tires without air or gas but some other rigid material, such as on toddler push bikes and expensive super-light Japanese subway bikes.