Basic Electrical Tamil Pdf

[Eugene Aubry]

BATTERIEScan be thought of as water pumps that circulate water through a hose that travels in a closed loop back to the battery. There are many metrics used for the capacity of batteries and not all are immediately logical. They include amp-hours and kilowatt hours. Batteries can only generate DC power.

Thanks for your explanation. Having little knowledge of electricity, I have tried to liken the basics to waterflow in my minds eye. This analogy has defined that concept so well. It shows simplicity can sometimes be actually simple.

Thanks a bunch for sharing the thoughts I had never seen this Wikipedia article. FWIW, I initially wrote this as you describe but when I expanded the article to include power and energy, I had to modify the analogy to differentiate between current and energy.

Second this ^. Current is often referred to as flow rate. Diameter works in some cases but not all. In general very nice descriptions, diagrams, and simple analogy thank you to all who put this together.

The analogy used here is poor in regards to electrical current being like the diameter of the hose. Your analogy implies that we can increase current by increasing the hose diameter, which is misleading.

The diameter and length of the hose is simply another resistance, as it slows the flow of water. A load, such as a lightbulb, would act as a further restriction on the hose (sand, or someone stepping on the hose, etc) and further limit current flow.

If you make the hose larger and larger, without changing the resistance of the load, current will stay the same. If the hose gets smaller and smaller (or longer and longer), at some point, the diameter of the cable will become a notable restriction to flow. When this happens with electrical current, the cables begin to heat notably. In a well designed system, the resistance of the cabling should be insignificant compared to the amount of current the load consumes.

VOLTAGE is like the pressure that pushes water through the hose. It is measured in volts (V).

CURRENT: the water flowing in the hose is current. It is measured in amps (I or A).

RESISTANCE is like the diameter of the hose. The wider it is, the more water will flow through.. It is measured in ohms (R or Ω).

Second question: since most of resistance in a circuit is created by a load (like a light bulb), can we use a sponge analogy instead of sand in the waterpipe? I thought the sponge absorbs more water than sand while also empeding water flow. Thanks again.

AAS in Electrical Technology STEM Emphasis degree is no longer available to new students. Students considering a transfer pathway can choose the traditional AAS degree and complete an AGEC-A certificate to prepare to enter a university.

The Electrical Technology programs and certificates offered provide a mixture of academic classes with hands-on learning. It is the practical learning environment that enables students to learn the required skills in the classroom and then put those skills to use in a real-world environment.

Employment for electricians is projected to grow 10% between 2018 and 2028, faster than the average for all occupations. Homes and businesses continue to require wiring, and electricians will be needed to install the necessary components (Bureau of Labor Statistics, April 10, 2020). An average salary for electricians is $25.00 per hour.

Successful completion of Electrical Apprenticeship certificate may lead to employment in a variety of different occupations and industries. Below are examples of related occupations and annual median wages.

This tour shows the front reception area as well as the primary classroom used for many electrical courses. Our classrooms are setup with flexibility in mind so that they can be completely re-arranged and used in many different ways.

So what is electricity and where does it come from? More importantly, why is carpet, socks and a doorknob a bad combination? In its simplest terms, electricity is the movement of charge, which is considered by convention to be, from positive to negative. No matter how the charge is created, chemically (like in batteries) or physically (friction from socks and carpet), the movement of the discharge is electricity.

I hope this information helps to refresh that which may have been forgotten. It is in no way intended to encompass every possible scenario, equation or topic that is electricity or electrical circuits. To help further understand the ins and outs of electricity and electrical principles, search the plethora of electrical engineering books available online. One of the big industries spawned from electrical principles is automation. Automation is electricity working for you to accomplish a task. Further information on automation and how to apply it can be found in our eBook: Automation 101: An Industry Guide to Control System Engineering. For additional information on electrical engineering, please go to any of the following sources: IEEE, ISA, and Electrical Codes.

Basic Electricity - Electrical DefinitionBasic ElectricityBasic electricity is described in many ways. When an electric circuit flows through a conductor, a magnetic field (or "flux") develops around the conductor. The highest flux density occurs when the conductor is formed into a coil having many turns. In electronics and electrical technology, a coil is usually known as an inductor. If a steady DC current is run through the coil, you would have an electromagnet - a device with the properties of a conventional magnet, except you can turn it on or off by placing a switch in the circuit.

Electrical Current

Current is a flow of charge. Each electron carries a charge of 1.6 10-19 coulombs. This is far too small to be any use, so we consider electricity to flow in packets called coulombs. When there is a flow of 1 coulomb per second, a current of 1 amp is flowing. Current circuit electric is measured in ampres, or amps (A).

Potential Difference

Potential difference is often referred to as voltage. There are several ways of defining voltage; the correct physics definition is energy per unit charge, in other words, how big a job of work each lump of charge can do.

There's reciprocity in the interaction between electron flow and magnetism. If you sweep one pole of a magnet quickly past an electrical conductor (at a right angle to it), a voltage will be momentarily "induced" in the conductor. The polarity of the voltage will depend upon which pole of the magnet you're using, and in which direction it sweeps past the conductor.

Figure 1 shows a coil mounted close to a magnet that is spinning on a shaft. As the north pole of the magnet sweeps past the coil, a voltage is induced in the coil, and, if there is a "complete" circuit, current will flow. As the south pole of the magnet sweeps past, a voltage of opposite polarity is induced, and current flows in the opposite direction.

This is the fundamental operating law of a generator. The output, known as alternating current, is the type of power that electric utility companies supply to businesses and homes. A practical generator would likely have two coils mounted on opposite sides of the spinning magnet and wired together in a series connection. Because the coils are in a series, the voltages combine, and the voltage output of the generator will be twice that of each coil.

Figure 2 is a graph of the voltage produced by such a generator as a function of time. Let's assume that this happens to be a 120-volt, 60-Hz generator. The voltage at one point in the cycle momentarily passes through 0 volts, but it's headed for a maximum of 169.7 volts. After that point, the voltage declines, passing through 0 volts, then reverses its polarity, and has a negative "peak" of -169.7 volts.

This curve is known as a sine wave since the voltage at any point is proportional to the sine of the angle of rotation. The magnet is rotating 60 times a second, so the sine wave repeats at the same frequency, making the period of a single cycle one-sixtieth of a second.

Electricity appears in two forms: alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Direct current does not change directions-- the electron flow is always from the negative pole to the positive pole -- although as we mentioned before, the electrons themselves don't really "move," it's the holes that are created that "move." Direct current is almost always what is used inside of electronic devices to power the various internal components, but it is a harmful thing in audio signals, which are alternating current. Alternating current does change direction-- standard household electricity is alternating current, because of its flexibility in traveling long distances. It changes direction at a specific frequency-- 60 times per second, or 60 Hz (in the United States, Japan, and a couple of other countries; in Europe the standard is 50 Hz). There is also the issue of the Ohm to consider. Audio signals vary their direction-alternation according to the frequency in question.

While the flow of electrons through a wire in direct current (DC) electricity is continuous in one direction, the current in AC electricity alternates in direction. The back-and-forth motion occurs between 50 and 60 times per second, depending on the electrical system of the country.

AC is created by an AC electric generator, which determines the frequency. What is special about AC electricity is that the voltage in can be readily changed, thus making it more suitable for long-distance transmission than DC electricity. But also, AC can employ capacitors and inductors in electronic circuitry, allowing for a wide range of applications.

DC - DIRECT CURRENT

In a direct-current system, it's easy to determine voltage because it is nonvarying or varies slowly over time. You can simply make a measurement with a DC voltmeter. But in an AC circuit, the voltage is constantly changing.

Electrical engineers state the voltage of an AC sine wave as the RMS (root-mean-square), a value equal to the peak value of the sine wave divided by the square root of two, which is approximately 1.414. If you know the RMS voltage, you can multiply it by the square root of two to calculate the peak voltage of the curve. If you were to power a light bulb from 120V(RMS) AC, you would get the same amount of light from the bulb as you would by powering it from 120V DC. Yet another device uses electromagnetic induction: the transformer.

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