This chapter presents a comprehensive review of fundamental and applied aspects of in situ chemical reduction (ISCR), with emphasize on its application to remediation of source zones containing chlorinated solvent DNAPL. We tried to provide a consensus definition of ISCR, define the core concepts that are the basis for ISCR, compile an inclusive classification of technologies for ISCR implementation, discuss various aspect of the practical implementation of ISCR, and speculate on prospects for its further development.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tratnyek, P. G., R. L. Johnson, V. Lowry Gregory, and R. A. Brown. 2013. In situ chemical reduction for source zone remediation. In: B. H. Kueper, H. F. Stroo, C. M. Vogel , and C. H. Ward (ed.), Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation. SERDP and ESTCP Remediation Technology Monograph Series, Springer, New York, Vol. 7, pp 307-351. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6922-3_10]
In situ chemical reduction (ISCR) is a general term for a suite of in situ groundwater remediation technologies that rely primarily on chemical reduction of contaminants. ISCR has been used for over 15 years for plume treatment, but its use for source treatment is more recent. This chapter provides the first integrated assessment of the entire suite of ISCR technologies, and describes the technical basis, engineering aspects, past experiences and future prospects for using ISCR to treat chlorinated solvent source zones. In situ chemical reduction of contaminants can occur through natural intrinsic biogeochemical processes, as a result of stimulating in situ microbial activity to form reducing minerals, or after direct injection of chemical reductants. The chapter includes case studies of several ISCR technologies and summarizes the lessons learned to date from research and field experience.