The goal of the Italian offensive was to conquer the Austro-Hungarian bridgehead to the west of the Isonzo river and to occupy the three hills of Sabotino, Podgora and San Michele. This occupation would have enabled the Italian Army to threaten Gorizia with artillery fire and prevent the Austro-Hungarian army from settling in the city.
The offensive was launched on 6 August 1916, after an intense bombardment concentrated on the high ground of Sabotino, Podgora and San Michele. Within an hour, Sabotino was conquered by the troops of Pietro Badoglio (1871-1956), who took advantage of the intense bombardment of this area. Italian soldiers had also been moving forward to Podgora and San Michele but there the Austro-Hungarian counterattack blocked their advance after they had conquered the hills.
From 10 to 16 August, Luigi Cadorna (1850-1928) tried to transform this local advance into a strategic success. However, the impossibility of transporting artillery quickly to the east of the Isonzo due to lack of bridges prevented the Italians from breaking through the second Austro-Hungarian defensive line. Moreover, Boroević was able to strengthen his trench lines thanks to the hesitations of the Italian troops and by taking advantage of the arrival of reinforcements. Therefore, on 16 August Cadorna decided to stop the offensive. The Italian and the Austro-Hungarian army counted 51,200 and 37,500 casualties respectively.
For the first time after fifteen months of war, the Italian Army was able to overcome the Austro-Hungarian defensive system at the Isonzo Valley. Above all, the conquest of Gorizia had great political value since this was the first Austrian city occupied by the Italian army.
EDITORS COMMENTS
This print showcases the remarkable work of Umberto Boccioni, an influential Italian painter and sculptor. Titled "Composizione spiralica" or "Spiral Composition" this masterpiece was created in 1913 during the height of the Futurism movement in Italy. Boccioni, born in 1882 and tragically passing away at a young age in 1916, left behind a profound legacy that continues to inspire artists today. In this particular artwork, Boccioni explores the concept of spirals as a symbol of dynamic energy and movement. The composition is filled with swirling lines and shapes that create a sense of motion and vitality. Through his use of bold colors and abstract forms, he captures the essence of modernity and progress. Boccioni's contribution to Italian art cannot be overstated. He played a significant role in shaping the Futurist movement by embracing technology, speed, and industrialization as central themes in his works. His innovative approach to art challenged traditional notions while pushing boundaries with new techniques. This print from Universal Images Group (UIG) allows us to appreciate Boccioni's artistic genius up close. It serves as a reminder of his enduring impact on the art world despite his untimely demise. Whether you are an admirer of Italian art or simply fascinated by avant-garde movements, this striking piece will undoubtedly captivate your imagination with its vibrant colors and dynamic composition
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Feldhaubitzregiment Nr. 8 (later Feldartillerieregiment Nr. 108) was a component of the famous 8. (Kaiserjger-) Division. Following the division's early campaigning in Galicia, it was moved to the Italian theatre, initially on the Isonzo front in June 1915. From the beginning of October 1915 onwards, it served in the South Tyrol and saw action in many of the major battles of that campaign including the May 1916 offensive in the South Tyrol at Folgaria and Lavarone and at Asiago and Arsiero. It saw extremely difficult fighting at Pasubio in late October 1916 through 1918 and in 1918 ended the war in the withdrawal to Trient and back to the Tyrol proper.
I've got Erich Muller's commission "certificate" which also states on the back his term of service in the Italian front. Any German readers would be greatly appreciated if they can spare a minute to give me a brief outline of the text.
The effective date of his seniority was published in the 1918 k.u.k. Army List of which I have a copy (over 2,200 pages!!) Leutnant Mller was the recipient of a Bronze Bravery Medal and a Karl Troop Cross.
October 17, 1917 - The detached platoon of Leutnant Jahns, Garde-Reserve-Pionier-Regiment, attacked Italian trenches on Mount Piano at Schluderbach in the Dolomites. A steep ravine 55 yards deep separated the opposing positions; the Austrians had not been able to advance because Italian machine guns swept the slope on the near side of the depression. Platoon Jahns slid with its flamethrowers down the snow-covered mountain side, moving so quickly that the enemy did not see them. The platoon then climbed up out of the ravine to within 10 feet of the Italians and opened fire in a surprise attack, silencing a machine-gun position on the precipice and rolling up the trenches.
October 18 - The detached platoon of Leutnant Hbner, Garde-Reserve-Pionier-Regiment, took part in a large-scale nighttime reconnaissance in force on Monte Solgi Bianchi in Italy. Using 12 portable flamethrowers on a front of 330 yards, Platoon Hbner achieved breakthrough, rolled up trenches, and smoked the enemy out of dugouts and caves. A total of 300 prisoners were taken.
November 16 - The detached platoon of Leutnant Hbner launched a surprise attack against positions on Mount Cornella and the village of Quero on the Piave River. The platoon crossed almost 700 yards of open terrain under covering fire from artillery and captured the village, taking 585 prisoners.
November 22 - The detached platoon of Leutnant Hbner made a surprise attack on Mount Tomba southwest of Quero on the Piave River. The platoon climbed almost 200 yards up the mountain side and completely surprised the Italians, who put up a fierce resistance. Breakthrough was achieved; trenches were rolled up; and machine guns were silenced. A total of 835 prisoners, four mountain cannon, and 40 machine guns were captured.
Although more attacks were carried out on the Italian front, the commander of the flamethrower regiment wrote that it was not possible to describe them individually. This period was characterized by the use of single flame shock troops that often had to cross up to 1100 yards of open terrain and engage in arduous mountain warfare. The physical destruction of the battlefield, due to the pounding of heavy-caliber shells, prevented the flamethrower regiment from deploying their emplaced large flamethrowers as often as in the past. Consequently, large flamethrowers were put into action just 1- times on the Italian front in 1917, once with 20 such devices. To make up for this deficit, increased numbers of small flamethrowers were deployed, up to 101 in one operation.
There was a great deal of malaria about in Europe in years past. In 1915 my father contracted malaria at Gallipoli, and in the same year my grand-father contracted malaria in the marshes in Russia, and his health was damaged, and he never again served at the front, but was able to do useful service in rear areas.
I had a Russian friend about 1976, and she contracted malaria in urban Leningrad in the 1960's; worse yet, since supposedly one of the glories of Soviet Communism was the eradication of malaria, a doctor diagnosing it might be charged with a political crime, this complicating receiving proper care. I am sure no such problems were encountered in the Party hospitals.
Just after dawn we slipped into the forest and hiked a steep trail to a limestone wall. A curious ladder of U-shaped steel rungs was fixed to the rock. To reach the battlefield we would trek several miles along this via ferrata, or iron road, pathways of cables and ladders that traverse some of the most stunning and otherwise inaccessible territory in the mountains of northern Italy. We scaled the 50 feet of steel rungs, stopping every ten feet or so to clip our safety tethers to metal cables that run alongside.
A half-hour in, our faces slick with sweat, we rested on an outcropping that overlooked a valley carpeted with thick stands of pine and fir. Sheep bleated in a meadow, and a shepherd called to them. We could see the Pasubio Ossuary, a stone tower that holds the remains of 5,000 Italian and Austrian soldiers who fought in these mountains in World War I. The previous night we had slept near the ossuary, along a country road where cowbells clanged softly and lightning bugs blinked in the darkness like muzzle flashes.
In the spring of 1916, the Austrians swept down through these mountains. Had they reached the Venetian plain, they could have marched on Venice and encircled much of the Italian Army, breaking what had been a bloody yearlong stalemate. But the Italians stopped them here.
For the next two hours our trail alternated between heady climbing on rock faces and mellow hiking along the mountain ridge. By mid-morning the fog and low clouds had cleared, and before us lay the battlefield, its slopes scored with trenches and stone shelters, the summits laced with tunnels where men lived like moles. We had all served in the military, Chris as a Navy corpsman attached to the Marine Corps, and Joshua and I with the Army infantry. Both Joshua and I had fought in Iraq, but we had never known war like this.
Our path joined the main road, and we hiked through a bucolic scene, blue skies and grassy fields, quiet save for the sheep and the birds. Two young chamois scampered onto a boulder and watched us. What this had once been strained the imagination: the road crowded with men and animals and wagons, the air rank with filth and death, the din of explosions and gunfire.
As Joshua, Chris and I walked through the saddle between the Austrian and Italian positions, Chris spotted something odd nestled in the loose rocks. For nearly two decades he has worked as a professional climbing and skiing guide, and years of studying the landscape as he hikes has honed his eye for detail. In previous days he found a machine gun bullet, a steel ball from a mortar shell and a jagged strip of shrapnel. Now he squatted in the gravel and gently picked up a thin white wedge an inch wide and long as a finger. He cradled it in his palm, unsure what to do with this piece of skull.
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