Yes, GTFS for China is rather different. Instead of it being created and updated by the transit agencies and made available to third-parties, the data was created by mapabc and several other companies. Google paid for the collection of the data and made it available only via their trip planner. And to make things even worse, the Google applications are pretty well blocked in China such that passengers can't use their trip planner. So the data exists but currently no one really gets to use it. I believe that it is available for purchase from MapABC, but of course only if they actually reply to your requests.
The World Bank is trying to improve on this situation by helping the transit agencies create their own GTFS data. Not only could it then be made available to others besides Google but it would likely be more accurate. I've compared some of the data that Google has with data directly from a transit agency and found that it is pretty reasonable but not as accurate as it really should be.
Mike