Transparent protein film of iron-free cytochrome c (Cyt. c) was successfully manufactured by electrospray deposition (ES) method and the properties of the protein film were investigated. Excursion temperature dependence of spectral hole profiles in the photochemical hole burning for the iron-free Cyt. c in protein film and in glassy solution was investigated and compared with that of iron-free porphyrin embedded in a synthetic polymer film to clarify photochemical properties of electrospray deposited protein film. The spectral holes of iron-free porphyrin were thermally more stable in Cyt. c than in polymer, indicating compact packing of the chromophore in the protein. The ES-deposited iron-free Cyt. c in protein film showed less stable spectral hole than that in glassy solution. This difference is attributable to the electrospray deposition process of the protein involving ionization and to subsequent cross-linking of protein molecules.
At Eastern European Movies, you're invited to immerse yourself in the captivating world of Man of Iron (Czlowiek z zelaza), a cinematic journey hailing from Poland. Released in 1981, this film is a quintessential piece of Drama and Historical Movies, deftly crafted by the renowned director Andrzej Wajda, and brought to life through the compelling performances of a skilled cast, including Jerzy Radziwilowicz, Krystyna Janda and Marian Opania.As a film enthusiast, you understand the richness of diverse cinema. That's why we ensure that each film, such as Man of Iron, is accompanied by subtitles in various languages, including Chinese, Czech, English, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish, to bridge the gap between cultures and to provide an inclusive cinematic experience for all.
Exploring the nuances of Poland's society and culture, Man of Iron offers a narrative that is both engaging and thought-provoking. Whether you're a native speaker looking to revisit the classics of your homeland or a student of the language and culture seeking a deeper understanding, this film presents an opportunity to do so through the compelling medium of cinema.
The legacy of Eastern European cinema is vividly brought to life here, with films that resonate with universal themes and emotions, transcending geographical and linguistic boundaries. We are committed to presenting films that not only entertain but also educate and inspire our audience.
For those who appreciate the intricacies of language and culture, "Man of Iron" includes Chinese subtitles, enriching your viewing experience. This opens up a gateway to our partner site, where you can dive into Chinese films with English subtitles, perfect for language learners and enthusiasts of China's vibrant film heritage.
Pumping Iron shines a light into the world of professional bodybuilding during an era that was considered to be its golden age. Directed by George Butler and Robert Fiore, the film chronicles the 1975 Mr. Olympia and Mr. Universe competitions and features legendary bodybuilders including Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lou Ferrigno, Franco Columbu, Mike Katz, Ken Waller and others who are preparing for the contests.
The focus then shifts to the 1975 Mr. Olympia competition being hosted in Pretoria, South Africa and the rivalry between five-times consecutive champion Arnold Schwarzenegger and newcomer Lou Ferrigno who is determined to dethrone the reigning champion. The film contrasts their training approaches and personalities: Schwarzenegger is more aggressive, extravagant and trains with other bodybuilders, whilst Ferrigno is quiet and reserved and trains privately with his father.
First, a word about what iron residue is and what it is not. The residue is free (unAlloyed) iron on the surface. Free iron should not be confused with Alloyed iron which is a major component of the stainless steel, or with ferrite which is a specific type of crystalline structure and a normal component of stainless steel, especially cast stainless steel.
Any steel or iron item which comes in contact with the Stainless steel is a potential source of contamination. This includes chains, slings, metal shipping containers, work benches, tools (hammers, wrenches, pliers, etc.), machine tools (lathes, mills, machining centers, jaws of chucks, etc.), fork lift trucks, and steel shot or grit used to remove scale, etc.
Iron residue may also be transferred to Stainless steel surfaces from materials which were previously used on steel or iron parts. This includes blasting, grinding, and polishing abrasives; the iron parts they were previously used on may be the containers or the systems used to handle the abrasives, such as blasting cabinets. Of course, iron or steel shot or grit used to remove scale or other materials from the Stainless steel items would leave iron residue on the surface.
As mentioned above, there are so many possible sources of iron contamination that no list of potential sources of iron residue can be complete. Those listed here should be considered examples of the types of sources which should be considered when trying to avoid the contamination.
Some things that free iron does not do is to cause galvanic corrosion or pitting corrosion, etc. It MAY be possible that the iron could accelerate some forms of corrosion if there is enough present. For example, iron accelerates the general corrosion rate in nitric acid as demonstrated in the Huey test.
One of the first points which should be made regarding the removal of iron residue is that mechanical methods such as abrasive blasting have not been successful. The abrasive merely moves the iron around on the surface; it does not remove it. The only mechanical methods which are successful are those which remove the surface, such as machining or grinding.
Contamination on Stainless steel surfaces with free iron is common. It can be avoided only with very careful handling. The presence of free iron on the surfaces of interest can be detected by a variety of tests, including the copper sulfate and ferroxyl tests. Iron contamination can be removed by certain chemical or electro-chemical methods; abrasive blasting alone is not effective.
XPEL Iron Remover is a wheel cleanser and iron pollution remover that is incredibly efficient and quick-acting. It is equally effective and less forceful than conventional acidic wheel cleaners. Its potent formulation dissolves all iron contamination, including dangerous brake dust, as soon as it comes into contact with the surfaces.
XPEL Iron Remover is one of the most efficient, fast-reacting iron removers on the market. This product was specially developed to decontaminate surfaces from harsh ferrous deposits such as brake dust and rail dust easily..
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized cell death with unique morphological, genetic and biochemical characteristics that are distinct from apoptosis, autophagy or necrosis4,5. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) process. Small molecule inducers or inhibitors of ferroptosis through targeting iron metabolism or lipid peroxidation have been extensively studied6.
Since the iron chelator DFO rescues ZnO NPs-induced cell death, we further studied the effect of ZnO NPs on iron homeostasis. Cellular iron homeostasis is orchestrated perfectly through three processes, i.e., uptake, storage and export6. As shown, the mRNA levels of iron importers transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC) (mediates iron import) and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) [facilitates Fe2+ transport to a labile iron pool (LIP) in the cytoplasm] were both significantly upregulated (Fig. 2a, b). Iron export is controlled solely by the iron efflux pump ferroportin (FPN1)21. In addition to increasing iron uptake, ZnO NPs increase intracellular iron by modulating the iron-export gene levels. Therefore, systemic iron homeostasis is governed by the hepcidin-ferroportin signaling axis. We discovered a noticeable increase in FPN1 at the transcriptional level by ZnO NPs (Fig. 2c). FPN1 can be regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels22,23. Hepcidin, an iron-regulatory hormone, posttranslationally regulates FPN1 through its binding and proteolysis of FPN1 in lysosomes24. However, contradictory effects were obtained, e.g., increased Bach1 and MZF1 mRNA levels upon ZnO NPs exposure (Supplementary Fig. 13).
A direct measurement of free iron in the cellular compartment is necessary for reveal the effect of ZnO NPs on iron homeostasis. A commonly used calcein-AM assay for LIP measurement is not suitable in our study due to the effect of Zn2+ released by ZnO NPs. We thus investigated ferrous iron accumulation by Lillie ferrous iron staining assay. The obvious increases in deep blue foci in the ZnO NPs groups are evidence of an increase in ferrous iron (Fig. 2d). Consistently, the mRNA levels of FTH and FTL were significantly downregulated by ZnO NPs (Fig. 2e, f). Consistently, the iron inbound protein TFRC and DMT1 expressions were upregulated, and the iron outbound protein FTH and FTL expressions were downregulated (Supplementary Fig. 14). Undoubtedly, these results suggested defects in mitochondrial iron transport and utilization that suggested mitochondrial iron overload25.
Iron overload is usually accompanied by mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction26. The typical cell morphology of ferroptosis is smaller mitochondria with condensed mitochondrial membrane densities, reduction or vanishing of mitochondria crista, as well as outer mitochondrial membrane rupture6. Currently, ZnO NPs-treated cells showed shrunk mitochondria and fused mitochondrial cristae (Fig. 3a), which are reminiscent of ferroptotic cancer cells observed in response to erastin4,27,28. One of the direct molecular targets of erastin is the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) protein, which mediates mitochondrial iron uptake and enhances ferroptosis27. Indeed, VDAC2 and VDAC3 expression was considerably upregulated with ZnO NPs (Fig. 3b, c). The ZnO NPs-treated group showed a large number of fragmented, smaller and short-tubular mitochondria that resemble erastin treatment (Fig. 3d).
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