Pakeezah was conceptualised in 1954 as a Black & White venture. The mujra Inhin logon ne was shot on July 16, 1956 as written on the reel under Kamal Pictures. The film was eventually released under Kamal Pictures Pvt Ltd in 1972.[3]
It was Mirza Ghalib's music, which paved the path for Ghulam Mohammad to compose for Kamal Amrohi's dream project. After seeing Mirza Ghalib, Kamal Amrohi decided on Ghulam though earlier he had C. Ramchandra in mind, who was on cloud nine after the success of Anarkali.[4]
Majrooh Sultanpuri was supposed to write most of the songs of the film however, in between, he got invitation for a Mushaira and he wanted to attend it. Kamal Amrohi didn't want him to go before completing the song he was working on then but Majrooh told him clearly that poetry and participation in Mushaira were his first preference and he left. Furious Amrohi roped in Kaifi Azmi to complete the song.[5] Ghulam Mohammad composed the music of the film in the late 1950s, to lyrics by several poets, including Kaifi Azmi, Majrooh Sultanpuri and Kaif Bhopali.[6]
The shooting of the film was halted in 1964 due to mutual differences between lead heroine Meena Kumari and her director-husband Amrohi. In 1968, the composer of the film passed away. So, when the film was revived in 1969, Naushad was roped in to complete the background music for the film.[7] Many exhibitors suggested Kamal Amrohi to change the music according to the then famous trend and style. To this Amrohi said that he would have readily done this if only Ghulam Mohammed was still alive but now he cannot betray a man, who gave him such melodious songs, after his death. So he kept his music intact, but used fewer songs as planned to keep up with the fast changing times.[8]
Majrooh Sultanpuri is credited as the lyricist of this song. However, in an interview given to Ameen Sayani, Meena Kumari revealed that the opening lines of this song are written by Kamal Amrohi and not Sultanpuri.[9] This song is based on Raga Maand which has its roots to Rajasthan.
"Chalte Chalte yunhi koi" got its lyrics from Kaifi Azmi. One of the most celebrated songs of the film, it was composed by Ghulam Mohammad who made Ram Narayan, his sarangi master, to give 21 takes for the desired effect.[4] This song was used much later as a reprised version in the 2018 film Mitron and was sung by Atif Aslam.[10]
When the film was resumed in 1969, Mausam Hai Aashiqana was the first song which was shot. But by the time the shooting has resumed, Meena Kumari had lost her beauty due to her addiction to alcohol and had a bloated stomach. Thus, in order to camouflage that, Kamal Amrohi made her wear a comfortable kurta and lungi. This later on became a fashion trend.[3] Based on raga Yaman, simple instrumentation makes this song an easy listen, and Ghulam Mohammed even employs western instruments like the harp and Hawaiian guitar to convey the mood. This song can be heard being played in background in one of the scenes of the film Sarfarosh.
This song comes in the climax of the film. By the time it was recorded, Meena Kumari's condition had worsened to such an extent that while performing, she collapsed. Keeping in mind her medical condition, a body double was brought. Actress Padma Khanna played her body double in this song as she was an adept Kathak dancer which was an urgent requirement of the song. Meena Kumari personally trained her for the scene, and the song was filmed with the majority of the dancing done under a veil in order to hide her face.[2]
The song was composed by Naushad. During the production of the film, Naushad found Rajkumari, one of the first female playback singers of India, singing in the chorus to make her ends meet. Deeply pained, Naushad gave an entire song to her as a mark of respect. In the film, the song plays in the background when the protagonist goes to meet her ill friend.[2] This song was reused in the Netflix series Heeramandi. This version was sung by Madhubanti Bagchi and performed by actress Sanjeeda Sheikh onscreen.[11]
Chalo Dildaar Chalo which was used as a romantic duet in the film, was also sung solo by Lata Mangeshkar. Made from fast-paced Raga Pahadi, the song was written by Kaif Bhopali and released in 1977.[1]
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