Technical review of current tram architecture

[TP]

This technical paper about tram types, written about three years ago, is now available on open access for download and many of you here will be interested in its very detailed overview of current (as of three years ago, but little changed since) trends in tram design.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40864-021-00163-6

Note the observation that:

"The use of pivoting bogies at the end of the vehicle is a clear trend, showing a return to older design philosophies."

Tony P