I was able to reproduce the error, but it seems to be a bug outside the scope of the traits.js library.
When I execute the following in the IE8 developer console, with Browser mode set to IE8 and Document mode set to IE8 Standards, I get the error you describe:
Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor({x:5}, 'x')
Executing Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor.toString() tells me this is the native, built-in method. I tried various other arguments and could not get this method to work. It seems like IE8 implements the ES5 standard 'Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor' method simply by throwing an exception. In an ES3 browser, Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor should be undefined. In an ES5 browser, I expect it to behave according to the spec. IE8 seems to conform to neither behavior :-/