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[Odon Irving]

Acommunity of churches, our name is a tribute to the underground church of history, characterized by sacrificial faith in the face of danger, oppression, and even death. We honor that memory and hope to represent that church in our city.

EPA has program requirements for permitting underground injection of diesel fuels in hydraulic fracturing to ensure protection of underground sources of drinking water (USDWs). Learn more about the permitting requirements.

EPA has finalized requirements that address carbon dioxide injection for long-term storage to ensure that wells used for geologic sequestration are appropriately sited, constructed, tested, monitored, funded, and closed. Read more about Class VI wells.

This website contains information for owners and operators of injection wells, regulators, and the public about safe injection well operations to prevent the contamination of underground sources of drinking water.

EPA has ten regional offices. Each regional office oversees local state, territory, and tribal UIC activities. Select your state from the menu below, or click on your region to find local UIC information about:

The Underground Injection Control (UIC) Well Program protects groundwater quality by preventing illegal waste disposal and by regulating the construction and operation of wells used for injecting approved substances to remediate contaminated groundwater, aquifer recharge and other activities.

*NOTE: NCDEQ assumes no liability for the accuracy and completeness of the data attached as information included in this database is inputted and/or reported by governmental agencies, members of the public, industry, and other third parties.

Emplacement or discharge into the subsurface of a solid or fluid substance or material. This definition excludes drilling fluids, grout used in association with well construction or abandonment, and fluids used in connection with well development, rehabilitation or stimulation.

Substances are injected to degrade contaminants chemically or biologically, or to assist in their physical removal by recovery wells. Many smaller projects are deemed 'permitted by rule' and only require submittal of a notification form. Other larger projects require submittal of a permit application and issuance of an individual permit before injection or well construction can begin.

For approved additives to inject for remediation see a list of approved injections additives. If you do not see the substance you are considering for injection on this list, you must fill out the appropriate risk assessment evaluation form when submitting an injection well permit application or notification form: Risk Assessment form with Microbial and Non-Microbial Risk Assessment form. Any new substance to be injected must be reviewed by the Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Section (OEES) of the Division of Public Health, Department of Health and Human Services. NOTE: This process may require two to three months or more.

Ambient air is injected under pressure into a well in order to volatilize contaminants and to stimulate aerobic bioremediation. No injection well permit is required; however, notification is required two weeks prior to injection. Additionally, well construction and abandonment reporting forms are to be submitted within 30 days.

An aqueous solution containing a dye or chemical tracer is injected into a well and its presence is monitored at monitoring or recovery wells in order to determine groundwater flow paths. The permitting requirements for this type of permit are the same as the Injection of Remediation Compounds, injecting for larger projects found above.

These wells are used to estimate aquifer parameters by hydraulic slug testing or in situ constant head permeability testing. No injection well permit is required for construction or operation of an aquifer test well, but the injected fluid must be uncontaminated and the operation of the well must not cause contaminated groundwater to migrate into previously uncontaminated areas or cause an exceedance of groundwater quality standards.

Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) is the process of injecting water into the ground for storage and later recovering that water for use. One common use of ASR is for the management of peak demand and raw water supply in public drinking water systems. In this scenario, excess treated drinking water can be injected in periods when supply exceeds the demand and can be recovered when demand exceeds the treatment plant's capacity. If a clean aquifer is used as the injection zone and the aquifer matrix and native groundwater are chemically compatible with the injected water, the recovered water should be roughly the same quality as when it was injected and thus should require only additional disinfection treatment prior to distribution to the public.

An injection permit is required for the construction and operation of a well for ASR. In addition to this permit, the Public Water Supply Section must approve the use of the ASR well in a public water system and issue a water supply permit.

new - Map of Known High Chloride Groundwater - bentonite grouts cannot be used in groundwater with chloride concentration >1,500 mg/L. To contribute to an updated map send well location, chloride concentration, and sample depth to Mike Rogers.

Conventional heating and cooling systems use air to transfer heat into and out of buildings. Geothermal systems use the nearly constant temperature of the ground as a heat source in the winter and as a heat sink in the summer. Properly designed and installed, these systems can heat and cool efficiently. Because these systems are often intimately connected with underground sources of drinking water, the North Carolina Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program of the Division of Water Resources regulates the construction and operation of these systems in order to keep the groundwater suitable for drinking.

Proper well construction and maintenance can protect human health and groundwater quality, plus help avoid problems with heat pump system operation. As with other well types, only certified well drillers are permitted to construct wells for geothermal heating and cooling systems; please refer to the Well Contractors Certification Commission for more information. Additionally, only HVAC contractors licensed by the State Board of Examiners of Plumbing, Heating and Fire Sprinkler Contractors can install heat exchange tubing into a well or borehole. Permits are required for some types of systems in order to make sure they are operating safely. The specific type of geothermal heat pump system determines what permits or notification are required.

Open-loop heat pump systems operate by withdrawing water from a well, circulating it through the heating/cooling system, and returning the water to the source well or another well. This system is often used with an existing water supply well and may use separate wells for water supply and water return or may use a single well for both supply and return. The wells used for these systems have the same grouting and casing requirements as water supply wells. A permit application is required to be submitted and a permit issued in order to construct and operate this type of injection well.

Vertical closed-loop heat pump systems operate by recirculating a liquid within continuous piping that is enclosed in a well. The continuous piping exchanges heat with the subsurface without direct contact between the recirculating liquid and the subsurface. There are two distinct types of closed-loop systems:

Horizontal closed-loop heat pump systems operate just like vertical closed-loop systems except that the continuous piping is placed in trenches in the ground. A variation of this type has the piping located in a pond or lake, exchanging heat with the water body instead of the ground. A permit is not required for this type of system, but you should check with your county and municipal authorities for any other applicable rules and regulations.

Scientists study mysterious particles like neutrinos and dark matter deep underground where a mile of rock shields experiments from cosmic radiation that constantly bombards Earth. We also host biologists, geologists, and engineers, too.

Most of the mass of the universe is missing. Where is it and how do we know it exists? Scientists working deep underground at SURF believe WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles) could be the answer.

Our Underground Storage Tank (UST) program is one of the largest pollution prevention programs at Ecology. Every year, just over 3 billion gallons of fuel are stored underground. We inspect tank systems at least every three years. We also provide technical assistance to help tank owners make sure their systems are installed, managed, and monitored correctly to prevent leaks or spills.

We regulate more than 8,500 tanks at more than 3,400 facilities, including gas stations, industrial and commercial properties, and government-owned properties. We make sure these tanks and their associated piping systems are installed, managed, and monitored to prevent releases into the environment.

You must report any spills or leaks of petroleum or hazardous substances to Ecology, whether or not we regulate the tank. Report releases affecting water or spills of dangerous materials immediately.

Ecology does not regulate most above-ground storage tanks (ASTs). These tanks typically hold petroleum products (like heating oil, propane, or diesel) or other potentially hazardous chemicals. Local fire agencies, counties, and/or cities, regulate and permit ASTs, with two exceptions:

The Underground Storage Tank program will continue to function solely for UST and UST-related tasks. The goal of the UST Program is to protect human health and the environment by preventing releases of petroleum and hazardous substances from UST systems. The release of these regulated products into the environment threatens soil and groundwater resources and can cause explosive vapors to seep into confined spaces and occupied residences.

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