Download Movie Sabrang Part 2 In Hindi
Rene Thivierge
Mahesh Bhatt, son of a Hindu father (Nanabhai Bhatt) and a Muslim mother (Shireen), grew up in the predominantly Hindu Shivaji Park area of Mumbai. He studied at Don Bosco, a Catholic school, imbibing, as he says, the cosmopolitan character of Mumbai and never faced any dilemma or schizophrenia, no religious leaning as such
Madonna and Ganesh are still the enduring icons in my memory. My mother was a Shia Muslim, but she was a closet Muslim, as she wanted to immerse herself in the image of a Hindu woman. We didnt know then that they were not legally wedded. So, she practised her religion behind closed doors, she never imposed any faith on us. We celebrated all the religious festivals, Diwali and Christmas with our friends. I went to my aunts house for Id and the taste of sevaiyan still persists.So I never had any problem at all. In fact, the multiple layers you call India were present in my childhood. My mother, who was the driving force behind my life, the lifeblood of my existence, died in April this year. And I found a Quransharif under her head and a Cross that she had made with her own hands on her chest. My father came chanting shlokas and offering Gangajal. Secularism was a habit, we did not have to labour to embrace it or rise up to acquire it it was an actuality in our daytoday life.But in a way I was more Christian, the whole theatre of Christianity was very attractive to my way of thinking. At the same time I enjoyed the masochism of the beating of chests, of Maatam at Muharram. I have a strange fascination for Ganesh, but as an icon Jesus appealed more to my sensibility. But for a very short while.Slowly I got out of it, I found God irrelevant and religion had no answer to my problems. But my mother was almost pathological about prayers, she numbed her anguish with prayer. She would go to the Satsang as well as to the Imambara for Muharram. I remember her in sari with a flaming red tikka on her head at Diwali, as well as blankfaced, and dressed in a black chaddar for the majlis. I also remember her standing transfixed in front of Jesus on the Cross and touching the blood, then lifting us up and touching our foreheads to the blood too.So the sounds of Ave Maria, HassanHussain and Jai Mangal Murti are all part of my consciousness. Thats the case with most postIndependence urban Indians. But I find the tale of Jesus very attractive and identify with the relationship with the mother, since my mother was also a single parent. I also identified with the tale of Ganesh fighting with Shiva when he wanted to interrupt his mothers bath, and having his head cut off. The Arabic sound of the Quransharif is strange to the ear, very exotic.I inherited my vegetarianism from my father. People say I am more Hindu in my way of life, but also have the aggression of the Shia Muslim. It was further confused when I married a Christian girl. For me it is a physical fact that I am half-and-half, not an ideology to embrace. I am not an atheist, because I see an atheist as someone who wants to convert others to his way of thinking. I respect all religions and think that all human beings are entitled to their beliefs. Though I also think that only people who believe are the ones who kill. I am the odd man out and not at all with odds with it.As told to Deepa Gahlot
(Deepa Gahlot is an award-winning film critic)
The plate boundary southwest of Sumatra is part of a long tectonic collision zone that extends over 8000 km from Papua in the east to the Himalayan front in the west. The Sumatra-Andaman portion of the collision zone forms a subduction zone megathrust plate boundary, the Sunda-Java trench, which accommodates convergence between the Indo-Australia and Sunda plates. This convergence is responsible for the intense seismicity and volcanism in Sumatra. The Sumatra Fault, a major transform structure that bisects Sumatra, accommodates the northwest-increasing lateral component of relative plate motion.
Relative plate motion between the Indo-Australia and Sunda plates is rapid, decreasing from roughly 63 mm/year near the southern tip of Sumatra (Australia relative to Sunda) to 44 mm/year north of Andaman Islands (India relative to Sunda) and rotating counterclockwise to the northwest, so that relative motion near Jakarta is nearly trench-normal but becomes nearly trench-parallel near Myanmar. As a result of the rotation in relative motion along the strike of the arc and the interaction of multiple tectonic plates, several interrelated tectonic elements compose the Sumatra-Andaman plate boundary. Most strain accumulation and release occurs along the Sunda megathrust of the main subduction zone, where lithosphere of the subducting Indo-Australia plate is in contact with the overlying Sunda plate down to a depth of 60 km. Strain release associated with deformation within the subducting slab is evidenced by deeper earthquakes that extend to depths of less than 300 km on Sumatra and 150 km or less along the Andaman Islands. The increasingly oblique convergence between these two plates moving northwest along the arc is accommodated by crustal seismicity along a series of transform and normal faults. East of the Andaman Islands, back- arc spreading in the Andaman Sea produces a zone of distributed normal and strike-slip faulting. Similar to the Sumatran Fault, the Sagaing Fault near Myanmar also accommodates the strike-slip component of oblique plate motion. Plate-boundary related deformation is also not restricted to the subduction zone and overriding plate: the subducting Indo-Australian plate actually comprises two somewhat independent plates (India and Australia), with small amounts of motion relative to one another, that are joined along a broad, actively-deforming region producing seismicity up to several hundred kilometers west of the trench. This deformation is exemplified by the recent April 2012 earthquake sequence, which includes the April 11 M 8.6 and M 8.2 strike-slip events and their subsequent aftershocks.
Paleoseismic studies using coral reefs as a proxy for relative land level changes associated with earthquake displacement suggest that the Sunda arc has repeatedly ruptured during relatively large events in the past, with records extending as far back as the 10th century. In northern Simeulue Island, the southern terminus of the 2004 megathrust earthquake rupture area, a cluster of megathrust earthquakes occurred over a 56 year period between A.D. 1390 and 1455, resulting in uplift substantially greater than that caused by the 2004 event. Studies that look at large sheeted deposits of sand on land interpreted as the transport of debris from a tsunami wave also indicate that this region has experienced significant tsunamis in the past centuries, albeit infrequently.
Prior to 2004, the most recent megathrust earthquakes along the Sumatran-Andaman plate boundary were in 1797 (M 8.7-8.9), 1833 (M 8.9-9.1) and 1861 (M8.5). Since 2004, much of the Sunda megathrust between the northern Andaman Islands and Enggano Island, a distance of more than 2,000 km, has ruptured in a series of large subduction zone earthquakes - most rupturing the plate boundary south of Banda Aceh. The great M 9.1 earthquake of December 26, 2004, which produced a devastating tsunami, ruptured much of the boundary between Myanmar and Simeulue Island offshore Banda Aceh. Immediately to the south of the great 2004 earthquake, the M 8.6 Nias Island earthquake of March 28, 2005 ruptured a 400-km section between Simeulue and the Batu Islands. Farther south in the Mentawai islands, two earthquakes on September 12, 2007 of M 8.5 and M 7.9 occurred in the southern portion of the estimated 1797 and 1833 ruptures zone, which extends from approximately Enggano Island to the northern portion of Siberut Island. Smaller earthquakes have also been locally important: a M 7.6 rupture within the subducting plate caused considerable damage in Padang in 2009, and a M 7.8 rupture on October 25, 2010 occurred on the shallow portion of the megathrust to the west of the Mentawai Islands, and caused a substantial tsunami on the west coast of those islands.
In addition to the current seismic hazards along this portion of the Sunda arc, this region is also recognized as having one of the highest volcanic hazards in the world. One of the most dramatic eruptions in human history was the Krakatau eruption on August 26-27, 1883, a volcano just to the southeast of the island of Sumatra, which resulted in over 35, 000 casualties.
Subduction and seismicity along the plate boundary adjacent to Java is fundamentally different from that of the Sumatran-Andaman section. Relative motion along the Java arc is trench-normal (approximately 65-70 mm/year) and does not exhibit the same strain partitioning and back-arc strike- slip faulting that are observed along the Sumatra margin. Neither has the Java subduction zone hosted similar large magnitude megathrust events to those of its neighbor, at least in documented history. Although this region is not as seismically active as the Sumatra region, the Java arc has hosted low to intermediate-magnitude extensional earthquakes and deep-focus (300-700 km) events and exhibits a similar if not higher volcanic hazard. This arc has also hosted two large, shallow tsunami earthquakes in the recent past which resulted in high tsunami run-ups along the southern Java coast.
Sabrang Communications is an organization founded in 1993 that publishes the monthly Communalism Combat magazine and that operates KHOJ, a secular education program, in schools in Mumbai, India.[1]Communalism Combat is edited by Javed Anand and Teesta Setalvad.[2]The Khoj programs try to help children to get past identity labels.[3]
Javed Anand left his job as a Bombay-based journalist in the mainstream press and founded Communalism Combat in 1993 to fight religious intolerance and communal violence.[4] His decision followed the December 1992 destruction of the Babri Mosque by Hindu fundamentalists.[5]Communalism Combat first appeared in August 1993.[4] Javed Anand and Teesta Setalvad, founders of Sabrang, are also founders of the NGO "Citizens for Peace and Justice", which fights communalism through the courts.[6]
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