Ryan Weaver, an accused serial killer and rapist, is arrested in New York City despite his claims of innocence. Even though police lieutenant Aldo Hines (who has been pursuing Weaver's case for years) broke protocol during the arrest by assaulting him (which later enraged Weaver) the authorities have enough hard evidence to have him extradited to Los Angeles to face trial. He and another prisoner, a bank robber named Stubbs, are escorted by four US marshals on a TransContinental Airlines commercial flight. Even though it is Christmas Eve, the 747 is nearly empty, with only eleven people on board.
During the flight, Stubbs breaks free while using the bathroom and begins a shootout with the marshals. A stray bullet punches a hole in the fuselage causing explosive decompression, before the hole is sealed with a briefcase. Amidst the chaos, the captain is fatally shot and the first officer dies when his head slams into the yoke, disengaging the autopilot in the process. Weaver frees himself and attempts to save the last remaining marshal, but fails when Stubbs shoots him dead after being shot himself.
Weaver appears to be horrified by the ordeal, increasing the passengers' trust in him. With the flight crew lost, Teri Halloran, a flight attendant, makes her way into the cockpit and learns she is the only one left capable of keeping the 747 from crashing. To make matters worse, the plane is heading into a storm which threatens severe turbulence.
Weaver's behavior becomes increasingly erratic as he is paranoid of being sentenced to death upon landing and suffers nervous breakdowns. He then locks the passengers in the crew's cabin then attacks and strangles Maggie, one of the other flight attendants, to death. Weaver then calls Hines at the FBI control center in LAX and threatens to crash the 747 into their facility, lamenting on Hines' "planted evidence" and that he is willing to do anything to avoid being arrested. Weaver then reveals to Teri that he committed the murders and attacks her, but she manages to trap him below deck.
After the plane survives severe storm turbulence, Teri must be instructed by radio from Captain Bowen how to reprogram the autopilot to land at LAX, but her task is complicated by Weaver's obscene and constant interruptions. Weaver then breaks into the avionics bay and smashes the server running the primary autopilot software, rendering the first landing attempt unsuccessful, and forcing a last second go-around. It skims a rooftop Japanese restaurant and a multi-story parking garage, but regains the air, though the landing gear picks up a Ford Ranger pickup. The backup autopilot engages, allowing Teri to make efforts to turn the plane around. However a USAF officer at LAX sends an F-14 Tomcat to intercept the 747.
Teri begs the authorities not to have her shot down, insisting she can land the plane. Weaver breaks into the cockpit with an axe and tries to kill her, but the F-14 destroys the truck instead, shaking the 747 and giving Teri a chance to attack. Teri retrieves a .38 revolver (that one of the marshals turned over to the captain upon boarding), and, in the midst of Weaver's assault, manages to load a bullet and shoots Weaver through the head, killing him. Teri returns to the pilot's seat and with Bowen's radio assistance, safely lands the 747 using the autopilot. Despite Weaver's claims that he killed them all, the other crew and passengers are found alive.
The spec script was purchased by Rysher Entertainment for $1 million.[2] The film was announced to be in development in May 1995.[3] Filming began in spring 1996 and ended in Autumn 1996. The film was part of a four picture distribution deal between Rysher and MGM.[3]
Both Roger Ebert and James Berardinelli rated the film one star out of four, denouncing the implausible storyline as well as the casting of Lauren Holly as an action heroine.[6][7] G. Allen Johnson of the San Francisco Examiner called the film "an absolute bore".[8]
Lauren Holly's performance in the film earned her a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Actress, though she lost to Demi Moore for G.I. Jane. Turbulence was also nominated for Worst Reckless Disregard for Human Life and Public Property but lost to Con Air.[9] At the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, Holly was nominated for Worst Actress but lost to Alicia Silverstone for Excess Baggage.[10]
Despite its box office failure, the film did well enough on home video to become a trilogy with two new direct-to-video sequels. They are Turbulence 2: Fear of Flying and Turbulence 3: Heavy Metal, each with a different cast.
-For objects, the vibrate tag will give a similar effect to the wiggle expression in After effects.
-For particles, both thinking and generated from a emitter you can create a turbulence field.
-The closest thing to creating something similar to turbulance displace that I can think of I would have to create using expresso and either sub-polygon displacement, and or some other deformer object.
Like cyclones, cities gather strength by sucking in the weak who are drawn toward them; small town or village folk, immigrants from abroad, minorities with little choice, are pulled by the gravity of the dense urban core. And classical films shaped their scattered concerns into narratives with cautionary or happy conclusions, aiming to score well in key cities with such populations; then, riding critical attention and publicity, they would spin out to small towns and villages throughout America, as well as to the countries those immigrants had left.
In the Indian subcontinent, Bombay popular cinema of the 50s, with their obligatory song and dance sequences, mutated to become the Bollywood phenomenon in the 1970s, with Sholay (1975) an unprecedented all-India blockbuster, consolidating the formula. For more than twenty years, virtually no Western film could break into the South Asian theatrical market because it was so large (800 films produced locally each year), so self-sufficient, and expansive, that audiences had neither time nor interest in looking beyond it.
When Global Bollywood arrived on the world stage this way, its international recognition surely spelt the end of its independence, compromising its putative difference. With one eye on the world market, producers of new Indian films to some extent displaced the nation from the center of their concern. Might (or must) such films now blend the Bollywood formula with conventions operating in world blockbusters? As for those blockbusters, although Titanic barely registered in South Asia in 1997, Avatar and other 21st century megahits finally worked their way into the entertainment diet all across India. Global entertainment works both ways.
That hope was not vain, for Haroun would soon recover from this disillusion, making the beautiful Abouna in 2003, followed by a suite of well-regarded works. And Sissako has become a beloved and familiar name in France and the USA after his powerful Bamako and Timbuktu, the latter nominated for an Academy Award. Still, neither filmmaker represents Africa in the way Sembene, Ciss and Idrissa Oudraogo had done before the video era. Haroun was rightly distressed at the sight of those vendors of Nigerian videos. His native Chad produces at best one film every other year, while across the river in Nigeria, two to three videofilms are added each day to the market. Eventually such an avalanche smothers the thoughtful, critical cinemas struggling to make a difference at fespaco and beyond.
Today in Nigeria and Ghana entrepreneurs shoot videos with camcorders in Igbo, Haussa, and especially Yoruba languages for the direct-to-video market.17 A completely decentered system of production, video-films largely bypass centers of exhibition as well. These images are never projected at festivals, and are scarcely exported. Indeed they are not made for big screens (which, dangerous to attend in Lagos and other cities, are being transformed into churches one by one). Nevertheless, their popular success in these densely populated countries and their miniscule budgets, have made these video-films the first commercially successful motion picture movement in Africa. Whereas throughout its history Nigeria had produced fewer than two hundred features in 35mm, more than five hundred video films have been made in the past three and a half years.18 Speculators in Ghana, a country without any feature film heritage, turned out more than fifty of these in 1993 alone.19
This report might have been debatable even in 1999, but just a dozen years later it had become well out-of-date. Production had zoomed to 1500 films a year and scholars had descended on Lagos and Kano to be the first to trumpet all the activity there. Nigerian videos followed the African diaspora and could be found in stores in London, New York, Toronto, even New Haven. Cable stations in many countries started to play them. There was still little talk of their aesthetic value or their contribution to the development of film style. At a conference in Amherst Massachusetts in 2006, the activist Tunisian cineaste, Nadia El Fani, felt ashamed that her films came from the same continent as such trashy images. Although the following year a Nigerian film, Ezra, finally was acclaimed at fespaco, it turns out to have been sponsored by the French tv conglomerate arte with significant American financing because of its topic, the abduction of a child into soldiery. Thus the Nigerian phenomenon has attracted far more anthropological discussion than aesthetic description or speculation. Anthropology is exactly what Brian Larkin pursued in his excellent Signal and Noise which analyzes the phenomenon of Haussa video-films, uncovering a vast visual culture and economy in Kano. Symptomatically, the two key films he does delve into were impossible to access until very recently when one of them, Glamour Girls (1994) was uploaded to YouTube from an old vhs.
Ciss and other strong African directors travel with their films to festivals, museums, and universities where they briefly take the limelight, instigating discussion of African art and politics, if only for an evening. Their films are fragile, peripheral, yet memorable. The titles coming out of Nollywood, on the other hand, seldom register with critics who focus instead on the sociology of genres and trends, and on the business deals and models which move forward ineluctably, like a rising tide.23 It is a mark of our era that, where African cinema is concerned, attention has turned to the quantity (of films and viewers and of money invested or made) and away from the quality of art and critique embodied in individual works.
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